Managing Quality in Health and Social Care Free Essay Example, 3500 words

al. , 2009; Schweppenstedde Persad & et. al. , 2009). 2.2 The Role of External Agencies in Setting Standards of Health and Social Care Several countries around the world, uses external approaches with the aim of improving the quality of healthcare and social care services. In this regard, it is also witnessed that several countries have used external agencies for the review of healthcare and social care related services. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Quality in Health and Social Care or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Anglo-Saxon Culture - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1446 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Beowulf Essay Did you like this example? Â  In the longest epic poem of Old English, Beowulf, there are many symbols, allusions, and traditions weaved through out the historical piece. Anglo-Saxon tradition in Beowulf accurately illustrates and is effected by the traditions of Anglo-Saxon culture. By comparing and contrasting Anglo-Saxon values to the text of Beowulf, we are able to analyze how Beowulf was composed and influenced by the culture. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Anglo-Saxon Culture" essay for you Create order We therefore, are able to dissect where the values or ideas of Anglo-Saxon culture may have been exaggerated or were even altogether false. By surveying the overall plot, we can have a birds eye view of what inspired this epic poem and how it was relevant to the time, as well as if it can still be relevant in the twenty-first century; furthermore, this will depend on the values reflected in the text of Beowulf. Anglo-Saxons were people in the 5th century who inhabited Great Britain. Their social structure consisted of Kings or, sometimes called, Lords. And then below them were their warriors called thanes or retainers. An Anglo-Saxon king would have to earn the respect of his thanes through heroic wins in battles. Although thanes freely followed a king without contract, there was a since of pride belonging to a King, especially a noble one. A thanes sense of identity came from belonging to a tribe. Therefore, it was a thanes worst fear to exiled from his tribe. After a battle, an Anglo-Saxon king would be expected to share the riches earned in tribal warfare, rather than store them up for himself. The king was expected to be very generous and giving, and the same went for the kings wife. Fighting was a large part of Anglo-Saxon culture. It was a way to earn honor in their tribe. Furthermore, revenge was an opportunity to earn a respected place in your tribe. If there was an opportunity to avenge the death of a family member, and you choose not to, you would be going against their social etiquette. Therefore, there were endless blood-feuds in Anglo-Saxon society, and they were mostly an excuse to go to war and be triumphant, earning you respect in the tribe. However, that wasnt the only way to end a blood-feud, there are two more ways. The first being to pay a price, or wergild which means man price. The second was to arrange a marriage. Women in Anglo-Saxon culture carried this idea of peace, often being called peace makers because they could end feuds. While this may be true, for Germanic tribes fighting was much more honorable than paying a price for peace or marrying another tribes daughter. Therefore, peace through blood-shed was the popular choice. Sometimes Anglo-Saxons would temporarily gather their tribes to fight a larger battle or Viking invanders. Oral tradition was a big part of Anglo-Saxon culture, as they hadnt developed a written language. It wasnt until Pope Gregory the Great sent St. Augustine in 597 to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. It was because of the Christian missionaries that writing and the Latin alphabet was brought to the Anglo-Saxon Tribes. In 627 King of Northumbria, Edwin, converted to Christianity and started to write laws. Alexander the Great, who was a patron of literature, helped works be translated into old English. Such as Beowulf. However, before Pope Gregory sent missionaries, the Anglo-Saxons had no written language. This means that stories werent read in books, they were told by word of mouth. For centuries stories like Beowulf were passed down orally. From generation to generation the stories details may have changed, but the overall plot and its symbols remain. From oral tradition birthed poetry. Poets and harpists recited and sung as entertainment in the mead halls. Anglo-Saxon poetry wasnt like todays typical rhyme and meter writing, it focused more on accent and alliteration. The Anglo-Saxons language and style is called old English. Literature has to treat it as a language in spite of it being composed of different dialects. Our syntax of words and sentences come from Anglo-Saxons, as well as how we tend to shorten words and simplify grammar. Our days of the week are named after Anglo-Saxon gods. For example, we get Wednesday from Woden, the war god and Friday from Frigga, the goddess of the home. Old English is not uniform like many languages are. Anglo-Saxons valued, as you might have concluded by now, honor. More specifically, being honored by their tribe. A lot of a Thanes self-worth was tied up in whether their king and tribe respected and honored them. Thanes earned this honor by winning in battle. Or even sacrificing themselves during battle. There were also ways you could be dishonored; for example, being the last to live in a battle where most of your tribe members died would be a disgrace. It would be seen that you didnt fight hard enough, to your death essentially. Beowulf is the oldest surviving long epic poem, consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines. Its popularly credited one of the most important works of old English literature. Its a story of the supernatural and of Anglo-Saxon history. The story takes place in Denmark and Sweden in the 6th century. The story is focused around Beowulf and his tribe The Geats. Although it is not known whether Beowulf was a real man, the Germanic history incorporated in the poem is accurate. Beowulf was a story passed down through oral tradition; therefore, it has lost its original interpretation. Much of the information about the origin of Beowulf is from speculation. What we do know is that the only manuscript left is from circa 1000 AD. The author of Beowulf is also unknown, as most poets of the Anglo-Saxon time are. Despite the different interpretations, the general plot and symbols remain the same. The story goes like this. King Hrothgar of Denmark has had a successful reign and has built a mead hall called, Heorot. It was a place for the kings warriors to eat, drink, listen to stories, music, and be entertained. But the noise was too much for Grendel, a demon wo lived in the swamplands. Now every night Grendel would come terrorize and kill the warriors, despite the warriors efforts the fight back they never defeated Grendel and the terrorizing went on for years. Now a young Geatish warrior named Beowulf heard of King Hrothgars distress and sails across the sea with a small group of men, determined to come to the rescue, and defeat Grendel. Now Hrothgar did a great favor for Beowulfs Father Ecgtheow, therefore the king accepts Beowulfs offer to fight Grendel, and then they have a feast to celebrate. During the feast one of the Kings men taunts Beowulf and says he doesnt deserve his reputation and Beowulf defends himself by sharing some of his accomplishments. At last Grendel arrives and Beowulf defeats him with no weapons, proving he is stronger than the demon. When Grendel tries to escape, Beowulf tears Grendels arm off leaving him fatally wounded and Grendel dies. They hung Grendels arm in the mead hall like a trophy. The king was overjoyed by the triumph so he through Beowulf a party to celebrate his victory, but after everyone had gone to sleep Grendels mother arrived enraged by her sons death and kills one of Hrothgars most trusted soldiers, then slips away. Grendels mother lives in a swampy lake, where Beowulf dives into her underwater layer and kills her with a sword made for giants. After, Beowulf finds Grendels dead body and decapitates his head to bring to the mead hall. King Hrothgar and his Danes were once again overjoyed and celebrated their land being free from the demons. Throughout the story we see many Anglo-Saxon values like fighting for revenge. When Grendels mother killed one of the kings Danes, Beowulf killed her. We also see honor in the story where each time Beowulf is victorious, he is celebrated and therefore respected. These two values are the most important in Anglo-Saxon tradition. There are a few symbols throughout the story as well. Such as the negative aroma surrounding water. In the beginning Beowulf must travel through the treacherous sea, Grendel lives near a swamp. Grendels mother lives in a layer in a dark swamp. Swords are also symbolized in the story as useless. When Beowulf fights unarmed to prove he doesnt need them and is stronger than the demon, and again when Beowulf uses the sword to fight Grendels mom and her blood melts the sword. All in all, Anglo-Saxon tradition in Beowulf accurately illustrates and is effected by the traditions of Anglo-Saxon culture. Beowulf most accurately demonstrates the traditions and culture through the overall theme of honor through battle and respect of others.

The Impact Of Technology On Human Relationships - 1107 Words

Most people would agree that it is nearly impossible to avoid technology use in their daily routines. Technology is often described as an â€Å"electronic drug† by people such as Alex Lickerman M.D. and many others who notice and even engage in the epidemic that is affecting millions. Because the electronic world demands attention from the physical world, there are effects that are to be expected. The ever-present electronic word, that demands everyone’s attention, is playing a role in how life in the real world is lived; people now interact with one another and establish relationships differently as a result. As technology becomes more integrated into every minute of peoples’ days, it is changing the culture, specifically, the fundamental†¦show more content†¦With these revelations, more people are joining the debate that truly effects all. With other debates, there is a target audience, a specific set of people who will or at least should care. Unlike those topics that narrow their audience to a particular group, this debate matters to anyone with a wifi connection. It matters to those looking for a relationship and even those who are already in one. Anyone who depends on technology, experiences the effect it has on how life is done. One of the most drastic changes that technology allows for it the ability to edit oneself. Prior to the majority of people owning a cell phone, most conversations happened in a face-to-face setting. When talking to someone in real time, responses are required to be immediate, but talking online or through texting allows for a pause. But, a digital interaction unfolds differently. Slouching behind a device allows for ample delay. The extra time may be spent editing oneself words to create a persona or simply in avoidance. Regardless, people engaging in a face-to-face conversation expect an immediate response whereas a digital conversation allows for the pause that is almost expected. Sherry Turkle, author of â€Å"No Need to Call,† a brief essay Alone Together: Why We Expect More From Technology and Less From Each Other, reasons that a delay allows people to edit their words, making them look better than they would in a real-time conversation, thus creating an onlineShow MoreRe latedHigh Dependence On Social Media Technology1648 Words   |  7 Pageshigh dependence on social media technology in daily human interaction and sharing of information. This has shaped the social interactions and development of personal relationships of people more so teenagers. Individuals in the modern society use social media technology extensively, which has caused significant change in time people spend in alternative activities. 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Is technology slowly taking over people live and affecting their personal relationship? Have we become addicted to the technology that surrounds us everyday and it has sucked us into it? Technology is a use of scientific knowledge for improving the way to do things. It has been playing an important role in our life. It is common today, many developed countries are using high technology to runRead MoreHow Do You Imagine Social Interaction Within 10 Years, Taking Into Consideration the Impact of Technology on Human Relations?909 Words   |  4 Pagesimproved different kinds of technologies that have had a crucial influence on social interaction and human communications. Lets make a quick overview to remember some key points of our history regarding social interactions and technology. 2. A very long time ago before written word existed there were cave paintings storytelling. 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The results indicate that skill-enhancing practices were more positively related to human capital and less positively relatedRead MoreHow Do You Imagine Social Interaction Within 10 Years, Taking Into Consideration the Impact of Technology on Human Relations?896 Words   |  4 Pagesimproved different kinds of technologies that have had a crucial influence on social interaction and human communications. Lets make a quick overview to remember some key points of our history regarding social interactions and technology. 2. A very long time ago before written word existed there were cave paintings storytelling. Society is on the cusp of a social revolution, we are at a point in history where new social realities are being created by technology and those realities mean forRead MoreTechnology Is The Work Place Environment1447 Words   |  6 Pages Another situation that technology is affecting is the work place environment. Many companies and jobs are using cutting-edge technology to help make work easier. More than 81% of employees work using their personal mobile devices and 33% of Americans use at least three devices for work (Miller-Merrell, â€Å"46% of Managers Believe Employees Misuse Social Media and Work Technology†). Using technology can make it easier to get ahold of someone faster and to draw more attention over the World WideRead MoreThe Human Shore, By Richard Gillis And Rachel Carson1569 Words   |  7 PagesHumans have always had a relationship with the ocean. Whether the relationship is good or bad, the ocean links humans together and surrounds them. The ocean is an important resource that people learn more and more about every day. Technology has had great impact on the ocean as well as how people perceive the ocean. Both Richard Gillis and Rachel Carson touch upon this age-old relationship between hu mans and the ocean and how technology aids or hurts this connection. Richard Gillis’ book, The HumanRead MoreModernization Impacts People’S Lives Everywhere. On One1744 Words   |  7 PagesModernization impacts people’s lives everywhere. On one hand, it brings wealth and improves the quality of lives; on the other hand, high quality lives pursue the efficiency which makes everything in a hurry. Capitalization is one of the consequences of modernization, which stimulates the social economic development. However, in Arlie Russell Hochschild’s essay â€Å"From the Frying Pan into the Fire†, she points out that capitalization brings busyness and fades humans’ relationships due to the busynessRead MoreNegative Effects Of Technology1022 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology affects every aspect of our lives. We as humans use it every day with little to no thought. Humans are becoming more reliant on the internet and other forms of technology to receive their information and communicate. However, the increase in the us e of technology has had a negative effect on humans’ health and development and communication. Technology changes the way we live our daily lives, the way we develop, and the way we communicate. Technology is a double edged sword. The internet

Shakespeares Presentation of Power in the The Taming of...

Shakespeares Presentation of Power in the The Taming of the Shrew Power is defined as ‘the ability to act or control,’ and it is evident from the title that a ‘shrew’ is going to be tamed, i.e. it will be controlled. The shrew turns out to be a woman called ‘Katherina.’ I think he reason Shakespeare has a women as the shrew is to prove that controlling women didn’t get very far. It was a male dominated world. Whilst reading the play we come to learn that the shrew is a lady called Katherina, it is her rebellious and wild ways that get her this nickname. Katherina has more power than, I think, she realises. It is Katherina who is the eldest daughter of Baptista and so she has a significant amount†¦show more content†¦She has a sharp tongue and is not afraid to use it along with violence. She even goes as far as hitting a lute over the lute teacher’s head, in act 2 scene 1. However, after she marries Petruchio, all of this changes. The fact that Katherina is the eldest gives her a sense of authority and so when Petruchio arrives on the scene, in act 2, she finds it hard to get used to his domineering behaviour. Also whilst he is trying to woo her he tries to use his male dominance to frighten her by telling her he will â€Å"cuff† her but when she doesn’t seem afraid he tries again to sweet talk in his own arrogant kind of way. Petruchio makes known his power as a master in act 4 when he both physically and verbally abuses his servants. He calls them insulting names like â€Å"whoreson† and tells them they are â€Å"flap-ear’d† if they don’t do what he says as quickly as he wants it done. During his speech at the end of act 4 scene 1, Petruchio comes across as a very egotistical man who will assert his maleness to get what he wants. He enjoys having power over everything he possibly can, including his new bride. By the end of act 4 scene 1 he has already developed a master plan in which he likes Katherina to be a wild hawk. He says that he will use the same method to tame her. He will starve and â€Å"watch† her and make sure she responds to â€Å"her keepers call.† The new bride,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Taming of the Shrew677 Words   |  3 PagesA principal theme throughout Shakespeares Taming of the Shrew is the battle of the sexes. The battle primarily focuses on the relationship between Petruchio and Katherine, otherwise known as Kate. They each struggle for supremacy in a classic confrontation between male and female until Kate succumbs to Petruchios dominance for the first time during Act IV, Scene V when she states What you will have it named, even that it is. And so it shall be so for Katherine. In this first act of deferenceRead MoreEssay on William Shakespeares Authenticity3166 Words   |  13 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Authenticity Over the past several centuries, many scholars have been debating the authenticity of Shakespeare and his works. Many books have even been published questioning if the legendary playwright from Stratford is the author of his many plays and poems. This theory still remains as a possibility today and much of the evidence stems from Shakespeare’s great literary achievements, his humble beginnings, his inadequate education and the missing chapters in his lifeRead MoreEssay on Biography of William Shakespeare2736 Words   |  11 Pageshis fathers shop so that he could be taught everything his father knew and soon take over the business. But instead he was the apprentice to a butcher because of the trouble in his fathers financial situation. Just what happened to alter John Shakespeares financial and social position after the mid 1570s is not clear. Shakespeare was still allowed a lot of free time when he was young. This was suggested by historians that his plays show more ideas of hunting and hawking than do those of other playRead Morewisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 PagesChesterton, Niebuhr, and Auden 27 Conclusion 34 Copyright  © 2011 by Walter G. Moss WISDOM, HUMOR, AND FAITH: A HISTORICAL VIEW â€Å"And frame your mind to mirth and merriment, / Which bars a thousand harms and lengthens life.† Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew, Induction, Scene 2. â€Å"Laughter without a tinge of philosophy is but a sneeze of humor. Genuine humor is replete with wisdom.† Mark Twain, quoted in Opie Percival Read, Mark Twain and I (1940), 17. â€Å"Humor offers both a form of wisdom and

Ethics Paper - 1177 Words

Ethics Paper Week 1 Assignment Rheana Willis 01/08/2012 Dilemma Choice 2: A married couple, both addicted to drugs, are unable to care for their infant daughter. She is taken from them by court order and placed in a foster home. The years pass. She comes to regard her foster parents as her real parents. They love her as they would their own daughter. When the child is 9 years old, the natural parents, rehabilitated from drugs, begin court action to regain custody. The case is decided in their favor. The child is returned to them, against her will. Does ethics support the law in this case? Discuss. Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of†¦show more content†¦Hence, normative ethics is sometimes said to be prescriptive, rather than descriptive. Using this method of choice to solve this dilemma would mean that both the foster parents and the rehabilitated parents would have to come up with an agreement in which the child is seeing both her real parents and her foster parents until she is comfortable to move in with her real parents permanently. That would mean that both parents would have to set aside their differences for the sake of the child and work on having unity together. Applied ethics is, in the words of Brenda Almond, co-founder of the Society for Applied Philosophy, the philosophical examination, from a moral standpoint, of particular issues in private and public life that are matters of moral judgment. It is thus a term used to describe attempts to use philosophical methods to identify the morally correct course of action in various fields of human life. Applied ethics is distinguished from normative ethics, which concerns what people should believe to be right and wrong, and from meta-ethics, which concerns the nature of moral statements. Morally in this situation when using applied ethics, you solve the dilemma by act-utilitarianism. If raising their child on their own without involving the foster parents produces greater benefit than disbenefit, then, according to act-utilitarianism, it would be morally acceptable to do so, even if the child has been raised by them the first nine years of her life.Show MoreRelatedKardell Paper Company Ethics Case1457 Words   |  6 PagesBackground The Kardell paper mill was established at the turn of the century on the Cherokee River in southeastern Ontario by the Kardell family. By 1985, the Kardell Paper Co. had outgrown its original mill and had encompassed several facilities in different locations, generating total revenues of $1.7 billion per year. 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Social Workers are guided in their practice by utilizing resources like the NASW Code of Ethics, CSWE, and HIPAA to ensure that they are in compliance with the Social Work professionalRead MoreEthics Paper1203 Words   |  5 PagesAdministrative Ethics LeChonnia Ware HCS/335 November 5, 2011 Brenda Boyd Administrative Ethics There is an article that spoke about two women who both had heart attacks on the same day. Both of the women went to the same hospital. The hospital was not equipped to handle two heart attacks that happen that close. This article bothered me because of how this situation was handled. It should not have happen the way it happened. Instead of trying to save both lives a doctors’ made a decisionRead MoreEthics Paper738 Words   |  3 PagesEthics Reflection Paper November 5, 2012 STR/581 Ethics Reflection Paper Ethics oftentimes determines what is right and what is wrong. 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Arms Race Free Essays

The great war of 1914 was one of the bloodiest conflicts modern man has yet experienced. Its consequences reached far from the battlefield and into the towns, homes and families of the soldiers. There are many arguable points one could debate regarding the origins of WW1 but much guilt resides on the part of the arms race. We will write a custom essay sample on Arms Race or any similar topic only for you Order Now An arms race can best be described as one country adding a portion to Its military then a neighboring country doing the same because It is nervous. The two countries continuously keep adding to their military might to keep up with one nother. Edward Cray, Britain’s foreign secretary from 1906-1916 offered a good examplel . If one country builds a rail way to the border of a neighboring country, then that country will feel threatened and subsequently will build a railroad of its own to the border. Anticipating an attack, the first country will begin to mobilize its army and perhaps build weapons. The second country now feels incredibly threatened and mobilizes its own army calling in all the reserve troops possible. Gray assessed that the only way to stop an arms race is war. An arms race does not simply start on its own. There is indubitably some event that triggers the arming of a country. In WWI, that can be attributed to the treaties between European countries2. When Austria and Serbia get into a dispute, Austria Issues an ultimatum with ten conditions. Serbia agrees to all but one and starts looking around for backup In case of attack. Serbia forms an alliance with Russia because Russia hates Austria. When Austria finds out they call their friend Germany for an alliance. Russia subsequently calls France knowing that France is looking for an easy shot to get back at Germany Tor tne Franco-Prusslan war Trom akes them pay dearly n w cn Germany aeTeats France ana for the loss3. On the day of the ultimatum, Austria declares war on Serbia, Russia declares war on Austria, Germany declares war on Russia, and France declares war on Germany. French and German Military development France had bounced back fairly quickly after the Franco-Prussian war and paid off their debts ahead of time. They were quickly becoming an industrialized nation with many assets. Their progress made both Germany and Britain wary because they both wanted to be the most powerful country and were insecure about any sort of threat. Around 1912 when things were beginning to heat up in Europe Russia, Germany and France began to ramp up their military forces4. Germany Added 120,000 men to its army in anticipation of trouble. With Germany beginning to arm, France passes a compulsory service law that required all men ages 20-40 to serve in the military for a set amount of time. For twenty years, Frances army had been growing faster that Germanys. This changed drastically though when Germany decided to start pouring majority of their resources into their military. Germany, although not one hundred percent responsible for the war, certainly did not back away from it. They participated in arms races such as these and instigated others such as the naval arms race. When war came about, Germany was more than ready for it because to their years of preparation due to the arms race. English and German Army development Around this same time Germany was trying to cause an issue between France and Britain over the country of Morocc05. Germany was trying to cause issues over the independence of Morocco mainly because they themselves had personal commercial interests in the area and they wanted to insight strife between the two fore mentioned countries. An international conference was called and Germany did not get its way. This critically weekend the already strained relations between Britain and Germany and France and Germany. After Germany failed to get what it wanted, it stopped relying so much on diplomacy and more and more on brute military power. As a result of this, Britain formed an elite group of men numbering 150,000 in size that was ready to cross the English Channel at a moment’s notice to invade Germany6. Germany knew this and was made nervous by it prompting them to mobilize even more. Russian and German arms Development When Russia saw this, they became concerned and added 500,000 to their own army and launched the â€Å"Great Military Program† that would add 10 percent to its army each following year. Russia had the most available man power but it was also the least industrialized of the major powers which would prove to be a very serious setback. Germany had not been really bothered by France and Russia arming themselves until they formed the Franco Russian Alliance in 18947. If war were to break out, Germany would be fghting on two fronts instead of only one which could spread their resources to the limit. Because Russia’s army was 300,000 men bigger tnan Germanys In IYUU, Germany Increased ne growtn 0T Its army even more In anticipation of having to fght a raging battle on two fronts. Russia’s army was considered a steam roller and was believe to be able to Just â€Å"roll† over any obstacle in its path with no trouble at a118. By this point, Germany, Russia, England, and France all had the new intentions of war such as the maxim gun, airplanes, and gas. They also had the factories to produce them. Some had better infrastructure already in place but they all had the capability. Germanys advantage ver both Russia and France was its incredible train system that would allow it to mobilize much quicker. The land arms race in general It is quite impressive to look at the spending of European countrys on their defense system in the years leading up to World War 1. Looking at the data, it seems quite obvious that we were on the brink of war. As far as defense spending goes, Germany was the most dramatic influx in spending per capita. While most countries populations are increasing at the about average rate while Russia more than doubles in size. As fore mentioned they were a formidable amount of man ower yet not yet quite industrialized enough to use these men to their full potential. Britain and German Naval Race In the years preceding WWI, Britain had been making an effort to expand their navy. Due to their status as an island nation, it was imperative that they maintain a powerful naw to protect their interests. Also, in the days of empires, Britain had to maintain a powerful maritime force to protect their interest across the world. In 1889 Britain passed a series of laws known as the â€Å"Two Power Standard†10. This policy states that Britain must maintain a fleet at least as big as the fleets of two other ountries combined. When this policy originally passed, they were looking at Russia and France. Whenever these two nations built new ships, Britain would build an equal or greater numDer In order to stay at or aoove tne same level 0T prestige. Britain encountered some trouble when The United States of America, soon to become the most powerful, prestigious, and desirable country in the world, started building an elite naval fghting force. At this same time, Japan and Germany were both developing their maritime forcesl 1 . Originally, Germany wanted to threaten Britain into Joining he triple alliance by building their naw but this had the opposite effect. Winston Churchill pointed out that Germany did not really need a naval force and it was more of a â€Å"luxury’ while Britain’s was a necessity. Sir Edward Gray stated that Britain’s naw is to them what Germanys army is to Germany. They also argued that Germany was only producing a naw to threaten Britain’s commercial trade interests and their imperial colonies. However, Britain is not the kind of country to sit around aimlessly while they feel threatened. They responded by building a new type of ship powered by a turbine engine called the Dreadnaughtl 2. This new fghting wonder was supposedly capable of sinking an entire fleet of it’s less powerful and agile predecessor the common battle ship. Germanys strategy was not to build a naw so significant that it could beat Britain’s in an all-out display of might but one Just big enough to keep Britain’s naw busy. By continuing to build ships with no intent of outbuilding Britain, they kept Britain nervous and spending a lot of money they did not necessarily have to. After England introduced the dreadnought, Germany was not far behind. Although they did not want to out build Britain, they could not afford o be outnumbered by ships of such a superior caliber. As it stood in 1914, Britain had 23 dreadnaughts, 10 battle cruisers, 30 pre-dreadnoughts, 47 cruisers, 61 light cruisers, 225 destroyers and 70 submarines13. This was the biggest naw in the world. Germany was in second place with 13 dreadnaughts, 6 battle cruisers, 30 pre- dreadnoughts, 14 cruisers, 35 light cruisers, 152 destroyers, and 30 submarines. We can attribute the fact that Germany is most renowned in this wasr for the use of submarines due to their sinking of high profile targets like the Lusitania. Also, Britain’s submarines would not have had the great opportunity at sinking ships German submarines did because there were not as many German trade ships floating around. Looking at these numbers, we can tell that Germany had precisely built the amount of ships they needed to keep the Englanders occupied and nervous. This was a very good plan on Germanys part because every dollar Britain was pouring into their naw was a dollar that would not go towards their land force. Germanys army was far bigger than England’s and they wanted it to stay that way. In 1912, Britain ctually tried to reach a settlement with Germany regarding the future of the arms race but it proved unsuccessful when Germany rejected it14. Britain did not want to keep pouring as much money as they were into their naw or military at all. As a result of Germanys refusal, Britain recalled all their ships across the world back to home waters to be ready for an attack. The other Naval Powers France ta s tnlra place wltn 14 areaanaugnts, no Dattle crulsers, 15 pre- dreadnaughts, 19 cruisers, 6 light cruisers, 81 destroyers, and no submarines. America came in behind France in fourth place. We had 10 dreadnaughts, 1 battle cruiser, 7 pre-dreadnaughts, 8 cruisers, Slight cruisers, 106 destroyers, and 39 submarines. We ruined Britain’s 2:1 policy in 1916 when Woodrow Wilson passed a law that required our naw to be at least as big as Britain’s. Russia also had a mid- sized naw although it was iced in to their cold and inhospitable harbor at St. Petersburg. They possessed 4 dreadnaughts, 1 battle cruiser, 7 pre-dreadnaughts, 8 cruisers, 5 light cruisers, 106 destroyers, and 36 submarines15. Japan was also a cause of worry for both Germany and Britain at first hen they emerged from their mystical land with a not inconsequential navy. They possessed 4 dreadnaughts, 2 battle cruisers, 2 pre-dreadnaughts, 9 cruisers, 1 5 light cruisers, 56 destroyers, and 15 submarines. All these naws had been escalating dramatically over the years leading up to World War 1 even though most of the fghting was to be on land. This was because if one country could have a big enough naw to hold a blockade across a main importing port of the enemy to cut off their supplies. In conclusion, I think we can definitively say that Sir Edward Gray was correct when e stated that the only means to end an arms race is through war. Once things begin to escalate, there is only a small disturbance that is necessary to catapult the countries involved into all-out war as seen in The Great war. Once an army is mobilized and hostile with another country, the only thing necessary to get the ball rolling is a degrading remark from a high up official or perhaps a trigger happy soldier. All this could be avoided if the countries had not been trying to compete against each other in the development of arms, armies, and navies. How to cite Arms Race, Papers

Climate Risk Assessment and Adaptation Planning †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Climate Risk Assessment and Adaptation Planning. Answer: Introduction: This paper entails the strategies employed to accomplish the risk adaptation and risk assessment organization for the Melbourne Town, Australia. The risk management outline is provided in accordance with the AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009. Additionally, the study presents an evaluation framework for risk assessment. The evaluation framework is based on the Risk management structure of Melbourne city(Office, 2005). The town encourages a risk management methodology that is flexible. At such, it approves the framework modification to enable it fit in the context of decision-making. The project consultants in conjunction with the Climate Change Working Group and Risk Management worked to develop an evaluation framework to evaluate the risk of climate to the town. Primarily, the resultant context is based on the current risk organization of Melbourne city, whereas the modification validation, where constructed, are shown. Risk management refers to the method of analysing and defining risks to ease resultant decision to be made pertaining the necessary strategies with an aim of reducing risks(Health and Safety Executive, 2015). The framework for Risk Assessment used in this plan is the one endorsed by the Australian Regime. The Department of Climate Change of Australia, formerly referred to as The Australian Greenhouse Office (AGO) s publication, provides methodology to carry out climate change risk assessment and adaptation planning based on the Paris Climate Agreement. On this framework, as shown in the table below, there are five key phases: Setting the context Risks identification Risk analysis Risk evaluation Risk treatment Phases in Assessment of Risks Based on Paris Framework Stage Details Setting the Context Describing the scope of assessment and the defining of the organization or the business to be assessed. Clarification of the business objectives. Identifying stakeholders and their concerns and objectives Establishing the criteria for success Development of the key element Establishing pertinent assessment scenarios for climate change Risks Identification Describing and highlighting how climate change affect organizational key elements. Risk Analysis Evaluation of the government controls, reactions, and management in each risk situation. Evaluation of each risk effects against the objectives and success measures of the organization. Form an informed judgement concerning the likeliness of each highlighted consequence. Determining the risk level to Determine the organizational level of risks for each scenarios of the climate change applied in the analysis. Stage (Phase) Details Risk Evaluation Reestablishment of the judgements and other estimates. Highlighting risks based on their severity level. Highlighting inconsequential risks that can be put aside and which may make the management to lose focus. Screening out risks which require a more detailed evaluation. Identification of necessary options to adapt or manage the risks and their impacts. Risk Choose an option which is best and selection of the ideal options for future plans. The predominantly duty of risk assessment framework is to facilitate a defendable and systematic approach to risk management and adaptation. These approach is centered on the treatment of organizational risk(Aalst, 2004). The link between organization risk and climate change is depicted in the following figure: The climate change effects on an organization can be noted and treated through working by the consequences chains. It is significant to understand that the outcome is a tactical assessment of risk and adaptation plan, which is undersigned to give treatment recommendations that are spatially(Aalst, 2004). The stages of the framework for risk assessment are shown below: These part of the risk management determines the scope and the boundaries of the assessment, the framework of evaluation, and identifies the engagement strategy of the shareholders. The main activities achieved within this part comprises the following: The scope of assessment The Assessment Objectives Definition of likelihood scales Identification of the main elements Selection of relevant scenarios for climate change to be assessed Comprehensive identification of stakeholders The terminologies pertaining to risk assessment have also been identified to enhance an understanding of the language applied in this plan(Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, 2017). This step output directs the other subsequent stages of this risk management plan. These guidelines are done through evaluation framework. Terminology Definitions Success Criteria The objectives and goals of a business Consequence Scales Describes the level of consequence to an organization of a climate change risk, should it occur Likelihood The chances of an event occurring Risk Priority The priority level associated with each combination of an impact And its likelihood The project focusses on topographical extent to the town of Melbourne. The project assessment assessed the dangers of climate change as a result of major climate variables change. The examination was a tactical assessment of climate risk to Melbourne city. A two-step methodology was recommended by (Office, 2005)to allow attempts to focus towards important issues. The first evaluation referred to as first pass quickly identifies and reviews risks, then plans for the treatment, then administers the treatment to the risk. The second stage, verifies if there is need for additional information to ascertain if the treatment is necessary and the type of treatment to be applied, as shown in the figure below The CCAWG took into consideration the series of climate change situations and the existing evaluation aim was to help in selecting A1FI 50th Percentile (2070) and A1B 50 th Percentile (2030). A1FI 50th Percentile (2070) Scenario was selected as the most suitable practice by local governments(Korsak, 2016). Other local governments that have applied A1FI 2070 include; EMRC, Murchison and WESROC. Establishment of evaluation framework for risk assessment application involves: Definition of the organization objectives; Establishment of measures of success against which the objectives of the organizations can be assessed. Definition of possibility measures. To achieve a transparent and consistent approach to risk evaluation, matrix evaluation is needed for every element. The elements of framework used in the present assessment adhere to the Melbourne Citys risk management structure (2011) and are illustrated in Figure above. The vision of Melbourne city is to provide responsive environmental friendly services to its people. The city, strives to improve and preserve its lifestyle and environment at the present and in the future(Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, 2017). The core values of Melbourne city are: respect, diversity, integrity, accountability and community participation. Measures of success are basically an outline of the long-term objectives of an organization (Office, 2005). Melbourne city success criteria are as follows; To attain strategic performance goals. Guarantee good public governance and administration. Sustainability and enhancement of natural environment Protection to existing community The four success standards were summarized under climate change risk evaluation into six broad success criteria; Service provision Property Financial (Costs and revenue) Environment People (Health safety) Community Lifestyle Social Value The success criteria were later modified. The changes include: Legislation was summarized under service provision of service Property damage was viewed as an important aspect of climate change and stood under the lone category. Environment and Financial continued to be consistent across all frameworks. People capture both broader community and the council staff. There was an addition of Community lifestyle and Social Value elements that had not been capture in the initial framework. Risk Management in Melbourne City follows a flexible standard, where there is modification of likelihood and consequence evaluation scales(Aalst, 2004). This is important because it ensures the changes are appropriate in relation to the assessment framework. This flexible measures makes sure that the parties involved can use suitable scales. Risk is usually demonstrated in terms of: Occurrence of an event; and Possibility of the consequence. A five-point scale in Table 3 is used to measure the likelihood consequence. Melbourne City Likelihood scale Level Description certain There is chances of happening regularly or its occurrence is certain. A clear opportunity already apparent, which can easily be achieved Likely Occurrence is noticeable or is likely to occur. An opportunity that has been explored and may be achievable Possible May occur or happens occasionally. Potential identified opportunity Unlikely Is not likely to happen or happens frequently. Opportunity that is not likely to happen. Rare Only occurs in exceptional situations. Opportunity that is very unlikely to happen. Key elements are responsible for providing a framework that helps in the identification of risk through splitting issues into various areas of emphasis and connect them to climate situations (AGO 2007). Key elements in this assessment were areas that were regarded to be risky. These include: Built environment Natural environment Emergency Management Recreation Community Business operations in the town were allocated key element actions. The process of assessing risk and adaptation plans were conducted with categorical emphasis on outcome integration with the current processes and systems in the City(Health and Safety Executive, 2015). The city comprises of 20 personal business operations all working under five Directorates as shown in the figure below: Directorates and business operations in Melbourne City LList Details 1 Chief Executve Officer Executive service b. Support from the government and support. 2. Designing and Development Regeneration of the urban and financial development. b. Planning of the city c. Approval d. Compliance and health 3. Infrastructure setting a. Engineering planning b. Engineering Processes c. and Reserves and Reserves d. Fleet and waste management e. Operations for building the city 4. Corporate a. Financial b. Corporate information and data services c. Management of Assets d. Human capital 5. Community Programs a. Library service. b. Marketing and communication services. c. Leisure and recreational Services d. Community programs e. Security of the community Furthermore, there was consideration of a spatial prioritization of risks. The city conducted a preliminary review of the spatial information that was available to update the risk assessment that was carried out during the Framework phase. The process entailed the distribution of the gathered information to all the members of CCWAG for population and deliberations with staff. With extensive deliberations with staff and Project Manager in all business operations, it was noted that there was existence of limited spatial information that was compatible to the spatial information system of the city(Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, 2017). Therefore, it was important to integrate this information with the future risk evaluation since that kind of information will be a useful resource, although this task was far beyond the existing assessment scope. A different method was used and hotspots risks were discovered during the risk evaluation attracting the participants to study th e area. The discovered hotspots will influence the adaptive measures implementation. By utilizing the spatial information system of the city, hotspots will be combined into useful spatial sections in relation to the decision framework. CCAWG was initiated to run the activities of risk assessment and adaptation planning. The CCAWG representatives are staff from Business Sections with experience or play a role in responding and managing climate risks The stakeholders objectives were to affirm the risk assessment outputs, and enhance awareness and ownership. During a full-day workshop with members of CCAWG there was implementation of stage (ii) to (iv) of the risk assessment. The members of CCAWG were split into two groups, the first group covered risks relating to the built environment and emergency management; the second group handled risks associated with natural environment, community and recreation. Both groups completed the following: Risk identification Risk analysis Risk evaluation Risk Treatment Risks Identification Risk identification entails reviewing effects of climate change and risks associated to the city. CCAWG, conducted the initial risks identification and drafted the outcomes using an Internal Discussion Paper that was prepared by Melbourne City. The gathered information was summarized into two sections, the first one was, impact and adaptation summary sheets and the second was the draft risk and adaptation register. These tools were implemented during the risk assessment practicum to establish the possible climate change risks that may accrue to the operations of local government This stage entails the establishment the repercussions of the occurrence of risk and the probability that the repercussions will occur(Young, 2016). Workshop members applied the evaluation matrixes described during the Set the Framework stage to examine the risks. Detailed discussions were conducted to allocate a consequence and possibility rating for every risk. Consequence was established through the assessment of effects of anticipated climate change on success measures or the objectives of the organization Council. The consequence scale Table 5 was used by the participants in the to allocate a range of consequence to every risk that was identified(Aalst, 2004). The consequence scales the initially established was based on was Risk Management Framework of the Citys, which was revised to summarize operational and strategic risks. The probability of the occurrence of consequence was established in relation to the understanding of the occurrence history and related effects along with the management plans put in place to control the risk (Table 7). A five-point scale that ranged from Almost Certain to Rare in Table 3 was used to ascertain likelihood(Young, 2016). In order to establish the current controls, the workshop participants examined the Summary Sheets and took into consideration a range of basic management measures such as: Management structures and systems Reporting Delegations Periodic reviews or audit plans Insurance Policies Training Procedures Contract conditions Design specifications Testing/Supervision Quality assurance/Monitoring Segregation of duties Rating the Control Effectiveness of Melbourne City Risk Prioritization To determine the level of risk prioritization for every climate change risk, identified, the evaluation of likelihood and consequence has been shown in Risk Matrix above. The risk prioritization outputs offer guidance on the relevance of treating the risk identified, and an entire method to treat the risk(Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, 2017). The outline shown below the management actions and acceptability for each risk. Generally, instant treatment need to be conducted on extreme and high priority risks. Whereas, moderate and low priority risks can be set aside and be treated later. Management Responses and Action to levels of Risk/ Opportunity Risk Level Acceptability Management Action if the opportunity should be followed LOW Tolerated with the Risk is tolerable. Controlled proven, routine procedures/ current controls processes and be aware of changes to the type of risks Consideration should be put in place, opportunity to be pursued VERY LOW Tolerated with the Not likely to require resources allocation current controls Risks Evaluation After the prioritization of risk, the assigned risk levels were evaluated to enhance consistency. Basically the evaluation of risks phase entails the combination of likelihood and consequence reviewing to re-assess estimates and judgements to enhance consistency throughout the analysis. The ultimate output was the rating of the prioritized risks for the identified risks. According to the results of evaluation and analysis, there was need for risk treatment to the identified risk, leading to the last step which is Risk Treatment, Risk Framework. Adaptation planning was embraced amid the risk appraisal workshop. This enhanced a conclusion to-end assessment of risks. The computerized Risk Management Template adopted by the Melbourne City encouraged this procedure(Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, 2017). Members were given directions to finish the adaptation planning, and thought starter adaptation choices were introduced in the Summary Sheets. Following the activities of adaptation measures to every risk, members re-assessed the risk need for 2030 and 2070, showing how much the alternatives treated the observed risk. While it is perceived that treatments will change after some time, adaptation planning and risk proceeds, the re-appraisal of risk at both time spans featured the potential requirement for extra measures in the more drawn out term(Young, 2016). Members in Workshop Group 2 discovered rating residual risk hard, given the intrinsic vulnerability in the adequacy of various versatile steps in treating the risk and the vulnerability in the expected level of progress. By and large, the hazard was marginally diminished or kept up, given that the activities would be executed in the short-term to control what might be a long lasting risk. Whereas residual risk valuable when considering the adequacy of activities to treat impending risk, it shows the utility of this task is decreased while reviewing the viability of prompt activities on future risks(Korsak, 2016). The certainty of viability must be expanded through observing and assessing activities to inform future versatile planning. This should remain the core interest. In the course of, the Set the Context meeting, the CCAWG viewed evaluative criteria as used in adaptation planning as shown in Table 9 and time spans for execution allocate adaptive activities as illustrated in Table 10. The criteria were allocated estimations of 1, 3 and 5 to upgrade separation amongst low and high boundaries to adaptive activity. The outcome was Clim ate Change Risk and Adaptation Register, containing the required rating of all risk and adaptation activities to treat high and outrageous priority risks. The register determined the role of execution and foreseen implementation timeframes. A meeting was conducted at the completion of the climate change risk assessment and adaptation-planning workshop to investigate the methods that could be integrated in the operational processes of the City. The selected mainstream, outcome integration ensured that the measures for adapting climate changes are formulated in the Citys current management processes(Korsak, 2016). This help in the reduction of effort duplication and ensured a coordinated methodology to climate risk management around the city. Participants were required to examine how the identified actions could be integrated into the business unit current operations and future planning frameworks. Discussion was conducted to identify departmental connections that could be useful in risk selection. The debate was based on the following question: What actions/task are required to take place in order to facilitate the execution of this risk management? What are the possible barriers in the integration process? How can those shortcomings be dealt with? The results were a preliminary approaches list for integration, which was then analysed and developed as an element of the adaptation approach. References Aalst, M. v., 2004. Mainstreaming Climate Risk Management into Development Planning, Utrecht: Utrecht University. Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, 2017. Climate Services and Safety Nets. [Online] Available at: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/flagships/climate-services-and-safety-nets [Accessed 29 8 2017]. Health and Safety Executive, 2015. Risk assessment, s.l.: s.n. Korsak, D. W., 2016. Planning for Enhanced Climate Risks: Aperspective from Military, Columbia: Columbia Law School. Office, A. G., 2005. Australias Fourth National Communication on Climate Change, Melbourne: Australian Greenhouse Office. Young, A. F., 2016. Adaptation actions for integrated climate risk management into urban planning: a new framework from urban typologies to build resilience capacity in Santos (SP). Open Access, 3(12), pp. 1-14.