Friday, August 28, 2020

Child Labor Paper Essay Example for Free

Youngster Labor Paper Essay Youngster work arrived at new statures during the Industrial Revolution. Because of this, it lead to an expansion in the â€Å"percentage of kids ten to fifteen years old who were productively utilized. In spite of the fact that the official figure of 1.75 million altogether downplays the genuine number, it demonstrates that in any event 18 percent of these youngsters were utilized in 1900. In southern cotton plants, 25 percent of the representatives were underneath the age of fifteen, with half of these kids beneath age twelve† (History). Organizations constrained kids to work over the top hours in risky industrial facility conditions with insignificant installment. At an endeavor to battle kid work a couple of steps were taken. The making of new technologic apparatus constrained the requirement for youngsters to satisfy assignments. What's more, organizations required more elevated levels of training so as to be even considered for the activity. Congress made the youngster work law in 1938 as another manner to battle this issue. Despite the fact that kid work has for the most part been disposed of it despite everything represents an issue in different territories all through the world, particularly in creating nations. For instance, in China youngsters between the ages of 5 and 17 are being exploited through what their administration calls â€Å"Educational Labor.† This implies schools would be able to cause their understudies to develop and gather crops, however rather most schools â€Å"abuse this law and they wind up constraining the kids to do a substantial measure of labor† (Sites). The ILO’s Statistical Information and Monitoring Program on Child Labor as of late presented their assessments that 211 million kids, or 18 % of youngsters matured 5-14, are financially dynamic around the world. The two significant segments of this measurement is Asia, which comprises of 60% those working kids and Africa, which has 23% kid work. Non-legislative association, regularly alluded to as NGO’s, emphatically object to youngster work and take part in solid endeavors so as to give the kids their opportunity. They see it as a simply demonstration and the vast majority would concur, yet they don't think about the negative viewpoints that emerge when the kids are not, at this point utilized. Subsequently, the kids and relatives go hungry, since they intensely depend on their work to add to the family’s prosperity. Moreover, when the NGO’s shut down the sweatshops there are no further activities taken a short time later. Amounting to nothing is done so as to guarantee the kids are dealt with, return to class, or monetarily redressed. They essentially commend the manufacturing plant shutting as a triumph and don't understand the comprehensive view. history.com/themes/kid work sites.google.com/a/tapa.tp.edu.tw/present day-subjugation/kid work/kid work in-china

Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Victorian Law Reform Commitee :: essays research papers

Victorian Parliament Law Reform Committee Capacities The elements of the Committee, as characterized by Section 12 of the Parliamentary Committees Act 2003, are: 1) To ask into, consider and report to the Parliament on any proposition, matter or thing worried about †a. Legitimate, sacred or parliamentary change; b. The organization of equity; c. Law change. 2) It isn't a component of the Law Reform Committee to ask into, consider or report to the Parliament on any proposition, matter of thing worried about a. The joint standing requests of the Parliament; b. The standing requests or rules of training of the Council or of the Assembly. Investigation into Administration of Justice Offenses Terms of Reference Law Reform Committee of Parliament is required To ask into, consider and report to Parliament on: 1.     The current condition of law in Victoria comparable to organization of equity offenses, (for example, prevarication, debasing the course of equity, distorting proof and compromising observers); and 2.     Whether these laws ought to be changed, and how, having specific respect to interstate laws and the proposals of the Model Criminal Code Officers Committee Discussion Paper on Administration of Justice Offenses (July 1997). PARLIAMENT OF VICTORIA LAW REFORM COMMITTEE Investigation into Administration of Justice Offenses The Governor in Council has asked that the Law Reform Committee ask into, consider and report to Parliament on: 1.     The current condition of law in Victoria according to organization of equity offenses, (for example, prevarication, debasing the course of equity, adulterating proof and compromising observers); and 2.     Whether these laws ought to be corrected, and how, having specific respect to interstate laws and the proposals of the Model Criminal Code Officers Committee Discussion Paper on Administration of Justice Offenses (July 1997). A duplicate of the Committee’s expressions of reference and a duplicate of a Discussion Paper arranged by the Committee can be gotten by calling (03) 9651 3644 or from the Committee’s site, http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/lawreform/ The Committee welcomes composed entries from people and associations on any part of this reference. Entries ought to be sent to the location underneath by 31 October 2003. All entries are treated as open records except if secrecy is mentioned. Official Officer Victorian Parliament Law Reform Committee Level 8, 35 Spring Street MELBOURNE VIC 3000 Mr Rob Hudson, MP Chair Suggestion 1 p. 55 MCCOC Model Code That another legal arrangement be made for distorting the course of equity that fuses the customary law components of the offense so that the new arrangement would make it an offense to â€Å"do a demonstration that is prepared to do and tends to distort the

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Robbert Harris :: essays research papers

We have all perused fascinating, contacting stories in the course of our life. I have perused a couple, myself. The one that truly stands out in my brain is, The Unquiet Death of Robert Harris by Michael Kroll. This story left me loaded up with feelings, suppositions, and questions.      The story was told by a man named Michael Kroll that had an extremely dear companion waiting for capital punishment named Robert Harrison. They had been companions for a long time and since fellowship was to reached a conclusion. Nothing that night appeared to go as arranged or on time. Michael and a couple of others including Roberts’s sibling, held up a few hours in a little room just to be occupied into another little room, where they kept on pausing. At the point when Robert at long last came into focus Michael was somewhat alleviated. Nothing occurred for quite a while then they removed Robert from the room. Michael was befuddled and wasn’t sure what was happening. At last they brought Robert back, and obviously they executed him.      At the finish of this story my first response was pity. I felt horrendous for Michael, Robert, and everybody that was included. I thought this story was the most noticeably terrible thing I at any point heard, and I needed to cry. My next response was outrage. I was stunned that one person could accomplish something as ghastly as this to another.      Next my cerebrum began shaking with feelings. First I however capital punishment was a loathsome thing, and ought to be banned totally. At that point I began to think, imagine a scenario in which it was my family, and somebody had executed one of my relatives. I would need that individual dead! I wouldn’t care how they did it, when, or even where they did it, as long as I realized that they paid for what they did. So as to safeguard that they could never hurt anybody in my family, or even anyone at all until the end of time, they would need to be dead as I would see it.      Then came the inquiries. One significant inquiry I had was how did capital punishment at any point come into the image? Did some crawl design it, or was it found unintentionally? When did they begin utilizing capital punishment, and what state was first to utilize it? Is it legitimate in all states in the United States of America? After an individual is executed, does the family get the opportunity to play out an appropriate burial service however they see fit?

Potato chips Essays

Potato chips Essays Potato chips Essay Potato chips Essay Worldwide Variations in the Potato Crisps and Potato Chips Market Its reasonable for expect that shopper nibbling propensities are probably going to vary from nation to nation, especially across various locales and societies. A reasonable model is the utilization of potato crisps/potato chips which can be found in the bar diagram underneath. 86% of shoppers all through the USA and France expend potato crisps/potato chips firmly followed by 84% of GB purchasers. On the opposite finish of the scale is the Chinese market with just 28% utilization. Potato Crisps/Potato Chips* Consumption per Country 84% 72% 43% 28% USA France source: Global TG 2012 Egypt Brazil South Africa China Base: Total populace But do Chinese customers just nibble less? Information from Chinas TGI (CNRS) show that (66%), treats (64%) and chocolate (44%) in the most recent year. As the most popular potato crisps and potato chip brands are Western-claimed such Kettle, Pringles and Lays and Walkers, this may clarify their absence of notoriety in China and their immense intrigue to Western markets. Mentalities towards diet and wellbeing can likewise fluctuate between various markets with the hart underneath offering an immediate examination between buyer perspectives in America and China. Just 25% of American shoppers concur that it merits paying more for natural nourishments, while 60% of buyers in China concur with this announcement. A further contrast can be featured as 46% of Chinese buyers concur that they generally think about the calories in what I eat contrasted and a much lower level of understanding all through the USA of 27%. Any Agree with the accompanying articulations: 25% 27% 39% Its value paying more for natural food l consistently think about the calories in what I eat l believe my eating regimen to be extremely sound eating regimen to be Very solid. In this way, people groups view of what they consider to be a sound eating regimen is probably going to change across various markets. For this situation Chinese shoppers are substantially more reliable in their impression of good dieting and what this comprises. *USA; Potato Chips France and 6B; Potato Crisp, Tortilla Corn Snacks Egypt; Potato Chips/Crisps Brazil; Potato Crisps South Africa; Potato Sticks and different Crisps China; Crisps

Development Theories Essay Example

Improvement Theories Essay Example Improvement Theories Essay Improvement Theories Essay Improvement Theories Name: Course: Establishment: Educator: Date: Improvement Theories Behaviorist and psychosocial hypotheses are among the well known human improvement speculations. Every one of these speculations conceptualizes kid and youth advancement in various manners. Behaviorist hypothesis sees kid and pre-adult improvement as a factor dictated by understanding and practices through support of the ideal conduct. Psychosocial hypothesis then again indicates that improvement happens in a progression of various phases of life, depicting the impact of understanding all through the life expectancy of a man. The two hypotheses will in general have a closeness as far as basing improvement as far as encounters (Keenan, 2002). Notwithstanding, the encounters vary, where behaviorist spotlights on strengthened practices while psychosocial centers around sense of self personality. Behaviorist Theory Behaviorist hypothesis recommends that advancement happens through association inside the earth. The hypothesis used old style and operant molding as the primary parts of advancement. Old style molding depends on the presumption that improvement happens through a relationship of ecological and regular boosts. Operant molding then again is about remunerations and discipline to strengthen explicit practices. This hypothesis proposes that advancement happens through such cooperation where an educator can remunerate great practices and rebuff awful conduct (Peet Hartwick, 2009). This happens a similar route in any event, for youngsters at juvenile. Fortification and persistent practice until wanted conduct is accomplished is the primary thought of behaviorist hypothesis. Its quality is the utilization of conduct that can be fortified, making it simpler for tests inside a lab. Its greatest restriction is that it doesn't consider advancement through different strategies, for example, perception. It contends that conduct is just evolved through such support and reaction to boosts. It doesn't consider other conduct improvement strategies, for example, perception. Youngsters do learn through perception also. Psychosocial Theory Psychosocial hypothesis is of the view that advancement of people depends on a progression of stages. Its significant component is sense of self personality, recommending that hesitance or mindfulness creates through collaboration with the earth at various phases of life. The primary stage is generally the trust versus question that occurs during childbirth to one year. At this stage, the newborn child creates trust through the consideration gave by the parental figures. The kid is needy and has a sense of security on the off chance that he/she can create trust. On the off chance that guardians are bad, the youngster doesn't grow full trust and doesn't have a sense of security. The subsequent stage happens during youth. It is about self-sufficiency versus disgrace where kids create individual control. At this stage, figuring out how to control body work makes a sentiment of autonomy and control. Activity versus blame is the following phase of preschool youngsters where they discover their control around them through coordinating things, for example, play. At this stage, the kids feel their ability in issues, for example, initiative (Keenan, 2002). The fourth stage, industry versus mediocrity happens from age of 5 to 11. At this stage, kids build up a feeling of pride through their achievements. Through support, youngsters can create sentiments of ability and trust in their aptitudes. At the fifth stage, personality versus disarray, youngsters are at their pre-adult. At this stage, youngsters investigate more on their achievements to realize themselves better (Peet Hartwick, 2009). Through support on their reason for finding about self, individuals develop with an extraordinary feeling of personality and certain about themselves throughout everyday life. Its quality is that the eight phases hold for long across various ages, disclosing improvement from stage to arrange. One of the confinements of the psychosocial hypothesis is its inability to perceive distinctive social foundations that could influence such turn of events. For example, a few kids could be prepared in utilizing the potty prior while others may be prepared later. Also, in certain spots, young ladies will get hitched at youthful ages, constraining them to be at another phase than the one implied for their age (Peet Hartwick, 2009). In this manner, with such contrasts, the hypothesis couldn't be pertinent a similar path to all individuals. A similitude with the behaviorist hypothesis happens as far as utilizing the encounters around one’s condition. The other similitude is that they are appropriate for all ages including developed individuals. The thing that matters is that behaviorist hypothesis isn't isolated into stages as the psychosocial hypothesis. References Keenan, T. (2002). An Introduction to Child Development. New York, N.Y: SAGE Peet, R., Hartwick, E. (2009). Hypotheses of Development, Second Edition: Contentions, Arguments, Alternatives. New York, N.Y: Guilford Pres

Friday, August 21, 2020

Gender and the Black Freedom Movement

Presentation In the ongoing past, researchers and antiquarians have concentrated on the exercises of Afro-Americans in the United States that prompted their liberation.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Gender and the Black Freedom Movement explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Historians have along these lines delivered various examinations of social equality associations, history of the scholarly parts of the freedom considerations of the dark Americans, life stories of individuals who assumed key jobs in battling for social liberties, as Malcolm X, Dr. Lord, etcetera, and even different investigations of gatherings like the Black Panther Party, that key jobs in the battle for dark opportunity. Be that as it may, one key part of the dark opportunity development needs these examinations. This angle is the extraordinary job that was played by ladies operating at a profit opportunity development. This paper is an inside and out investigation of th e oft-ignored job of ladies in the battle for dark opportunity in the post-war period. Proof of women’s inclusion in battle for dark opportunity Although a large portion of them have been kept separate from authentic books, and in this manner their names are not mainstream among the majority, there is overpowering proof of the association of dark ladies in the battle for dark opportunity. One such proof is the recorded pictures caught during the most noticeably terrible fights that occurred during the social equality activism that prompted the opportunity of the blacks. In such pictures where dissidents are mauled by the police, there are young ladies and ladies all over. This, along these lines, shows that ladies were effectively engaged with the battle for dark opportunity. A case of such pictures is a picture caught in 1964, in which Vera Piggy is discussing voter enlistment to her crowd while styling her hair. There is likewise a picture caught in 1963, in which dark unde rstudies of the Florida A M University are noting charges identified with fights they partook in against isolation in cinemas. The greater part of the understudies in the gathering are female. Ladies activists like Rosa Parks started to lead the pack in the fights against biased practices like the giving of a seat to white men in transports (Charlayne, 2008). Purposes behind disagreeability of ladies activists Despite the way that the job of ladies in the battle for racial balance is gradually being perceived, history has disregarded these individuals who contended so energetically to make our country what it is today because of the idea of jobs they played in the battle for dark freedom.Advertising Looking for paper on sociologies? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One primary explanation behind the absence of fame of ladies operating at a profit opportunity period is the way that the jobs of ladies in the development constrain ed the majority of them to remain out of sight. Numerous ladies picked this job, while others neglected to get chances in light of the fact that their male partners in the battle for dark opportunity were the first to be given open doors at fame. For example, there were various cases in which female activists looked to convey discourses however they didn't find the opportunity in light of the fact that such talks were overwhelmed by their individual dark guys (Elaine, 1992). It would thus be able to be contended that the dark ladies endured twofold separation; both sexism and prejudice. Instances of ladies who are not broadly referenced Some female common rightsactivists just pass up a great opportunity, or they are barely referenced in verifiable articles and books. Such ladies incorporate Rosa Parks, a daring lady who lighted fights against the prejudicial giving of seats to whites in transports, Dorothy Height, who was consistently in the cutting edge in fights for dark opportuni ty, Kathleen Cleaver, a compelling researcher who was already a progressive, and Sonia Sanchez, who was additionally a powerful researcher and social liberties lobbyist. Other ladies who partook in the battle for dark opportunity incorporate Harriet Tubman, who resisted winning biased laws to work the Underground Railroad, Mary Terrel, a supporter for dark opportunity, and a common extremist who was the motivation behind why Washington inns at long last yielded to permitting dark individuals to utilize their administrations. Watkins Harper, whose verse was instrumental in starting activism, Ida Wells, who was an analytical writer, and who played a key job in talking against, and uncovering the cruelty in the lynching of individuals (Cole, 2003). Ladies who are generally referenced in history Some ladies activists found the opportunity to get into books of history. These were for the most part the spouses of the most noticeable male activists. Such ladies incorporate Betty Shabazz, C oretta Scott King, and Myrlie Evers Williams. This is on the grounds that they found the opportunity to be consistently on the forefront in fights, talks, and parties as they went with their spouses. They were additionally social liberties activists in their own right, which caused them to be deified in books of history. Coretta Scott King, a social equality dissident, pioneer and furthermore a creator, was the spouse of the prestigious Dr. Ruler (Martin Luther). Her better half was generally known for his expectation and the social liberties discourses that he conveyed across America while guarding the blacks.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Gender and the Black Freedom Movement explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of his most renowned talks was the famous â€Å"I have a dream† discourse. Betty Shabazz, additionally a social equality dissident, was the spouse of Malcolm X, the prestigious social equality lobbyist who put stock in patri otism and lectured the utilization of brutality to beat savagery. Malcolm X’s work appeared to supplement crafted by Martin Luther (Dr. Ruler) on the grounds that the last put stock in quiet fights while the previous extremist was not reluctant to call for vicious fights against the shameful acts that were executed against the blacks. After Malcolm X was killed in her essence, Betty proceeded with his heritage of battling for the privileges of dark individuals, while bringing up her six youngsters, and simultaneously propelling her investigations to get a PhD. She was seen by the dark opportunity age as the encapsulation of determination. For carrying on with a profitable life after her husband’s demise, and proceeding with his battle for dark opportunity, Betty advanced into books of history. Myrlie Evers Williams was the spouse of the common lobbyist Medgar Evers who was killed after indications of his battle for dark opportunity began proving to be fruitful. He was a dissident for casting a ballot rights for blacks, and he was additionally a famous social equality lobbyist. After the passing of her significant other, Myrlie turned into an incredible social liberties extremist, and even went ahead to turn into the director of the NAACP, an association that she spared from liquidation. Her accomplishment in social equality and her resulting ubiquity throughout the entire existence of dark opportunity were because of the activism that she rehearsed after the passing of her better half (Lollar, 2009). Two or three years after the demise of her better half, Myrlie wedded her subsequent spouse, Walter Williams, who was likewise a social equality dissident. End Black ladies, of the dark development time frame, assumed key jobs in the liberation of dark Americans. They were guardians for different social equality developments, during which they went about as network manufacturers. They were additionally exceptionally dynamic in shaping systems for bat tling for the privileges of dark individuals. It is certain that dark ladies of the dark unrest time frame were vigorous laborers, focal figures in social equality gatherings, frank voices in crusades and rallies for battling for privileges of the dark individuals, and subsequently they were exceptionally dynamic as individuals from the Black Nationalist developments that were made and designed by their male partners like Malcolm X. Other dark ladies patriots even stretched out their enemy of radical activism to underdeveloped nations in Africa, and Asia. Such underdeveloped nations incorporate China, Algeria, Ghana, and various other underdeveloped nations. Instances of the expressed activists incorporate Shirley Graham Du Bois, a persuasive figure operating at a profit Nationalist developments, and Garvin (Charlayne, 2008). Their activism in social equality made many individuals gain opportunity from subjugation by colonialist governments. It is consequently clear that the dark op portunity development had sweeping changing impacts on the abused and the enslaved.Advertising Searching for article on sociologies? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More It is exceptionally lamentable that the demonstrations of these valiant ladies have been basically kept separate from the historical backdrop of dark opportunity. Verifiable records are loaded with the lobbyist exercises of their male partners like Malcolm X and his companion, Martin Luther King Jr. (Dr. Lord). It is in this way of pith that a nuanced way to deal with the protection of authentic realities is followed. Researchers ought to likewise work to build up the degree to which dark ladies added to the opportunity of dark individuals during this period. Reference List Charlayne, H. (2008). Dark Women Freedom Fighters: History Lived, Lessons. Learned. Recovered from https://kathmanduk2.wordpress.com/2008/04/03/dark ladies political dissidents history-lived-exercises learned/Cole, J. (2003). Sexual orientation Talk: The Struggle for Women’s Equality in African American Communities. New York. Ballantine Books. Elaine, B. (1992). A Taste of Power: A Black Women’s St ory. New York. Pantheon Books. Lollar, M. (2009). Husband’s demise transforms Evers-Williams into victor of social equity. Web. This exposition on Gender and the Black Freedom Movement was composed and presented by client Lizard to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give y

Juiced: Wild Times, Rampant Roids, Smash Hits, and How Baseball Got Big

Squeezed: Wild Times, Rampant Roids, Smash Hits, and How Baseball Got Big       To completely comprehend this book, individuals must go behind the book and locate the genuine perspective of the writer. Lamentably for this situation, the creator is the unrivaled Jose Canseco. Jose Canseco is the thing that I like to call, â€Å"The odd one out in the group of baseball.† Canseco’s history can be identified with such episodes of medication utilizing, substantial drinking, various sexual experiences with several accomplices, and preposterous demonstrations of savagery. This book really expounds on how steroids have completely changed him and how it is presently evolving baseball.      Juiced begins with what seems, by all accounts, to be a lawful disclaimer. "This book doesn't plan to excuse or energize the utilization of a specific medications, medication or illicit substances." Yet the writer invests the majority of the energy sitting idle yet rehashing his declarations that taken under appropriate oversight, these medications can improve regular day to day existence. Jose Canseco says he composed Juiced in light of the fact that he needed his fans to hear him out and listen to him on what he needs to state about the present condition of baseball and it’s future. I accept this previous 40-40 had another explanation behind composing this book and it’s plain and simple†¦money. Cash urges the human brain to perform egotistical and fairly freakish tricks so as to accomplish riches. I accept that Jose Canseco’s mind comprises of slop and ravenousness. It’s a demonstrated certainty that this 1988 Major League MVP has a genuinely insecure psyche. One occurrence in his book that demonstrates this is the time he went â€Å"deep ocean fishing.† The story starts with Jose Canseco’s spouse leaving him for Kansas City Chiefs’ elite player tight end, Tony Gonzalez. Mr. Canseco responded by snatching his 12-check shotgun and taking his vessel out to the ocean where he chose to fire sharks with his shotgun when they surfaced. This episode is one of the a lot of occurrences that question the total truth in Juiced.      Jose Canseco is most popular for a few things: A fly ball bobbing off his noggin and arriving over the fence, dating Madonna, his measuring tape grand slams, having various run-ins with the law, being the principal man to ever hit 40 homers and take 40 bases in a similar season, and his protruding biceps. In Juiced, Canseco reviews other steroid user’s stories inside the game ... ...baseball and consider them liable. Sadly, there are additionally a great deal of awful things ascending from the profundities of this book. One of these future the way that Jose Canseco is increasing more consideration for these shocking claims and stories. Not exclusively is Canseco picking up consideration from the media however he’s additionally benefitting enormously from his book, book signings, syndicated programs, and TV appearances. The main thing more awful than an ordinary Jose Canseco is a rich Jose Canseco.      We are essentially taking care of the mythical beast himself by concurring and accepting every one of his charges in Juiced. The book plainly delineates that there are openings inside his accounts and these forestall reality to be completely told. Despite the fact that I have an undying scorn for Jose Canseco, he merits credit for driving America to focus on the steroid issue in baseball as well as all of pro athletics. Without Jose Canseco’s misleading anecdotes about the maltreatment and the media consideration this is making, there is a likelihood this could have been unnoticed for a long time to come. This medication use all through the group is obviously clearing a dull future for our national side interest.

Thursday, August 13, 2020

Writing a Historical Novel

Writing a Historical Novel Historical novels are becoming more popular in recent years and that has got many writers wanting in on the action. It is not for the faint of heart, though. It typically takes three times as long to write a historical novel as it does to write a novel set in modern times, because of the amount of research that is involved.Having said that, there has been so much written about how difficult it is to author a historical novel that you can easily discourage yourself from writing one altogether if you arent careful. My hope is that you will stop reading articles about writing a historical novel (after you read this one, of course) and get to work on writing yours.A few weeks ago, I watched the Nova documentary  entitled The Ghosts of Machu Picchu. It was not until I sat down to write this article, however, that I realized its relevance to writing historical fiction.Machu Picchu is an ancient Incan city in Peru. It was built in the 15th century, high on a mountain. The fact that the moun tain is prone to frequent avalanches, sits on not one but two fault lines, and receives torrential rains of approximately 76 inches per year only added to the wonder of how the city has survived the centuries.As one discovers upon closer observation, the Incan builders took special care to ensure the citys longevity. They started at the base of the mountain, and built terraces all the way to the top to sure up the mountain. Then, as excavations have shown, they created a foundation for the city some 9 feet deep below the surface, with over 100 drains installed to control rain runoff. It is estimated that 60% of the work that went into building Machu Picchu is underground and concealed from the naked eye.Writing historical fiction is much like building Machu Picchu. You want your novel to stand the test of time and that means doing the historical research to sure it up. But you dont want your research to be flaunted before your readers any more than the builders of the city wanted us to stand in awe of their foundation. The research has to be there but it is your creative work, your story, that you want the reader to stand in awe of; not your research.To write a good historical novel, you will need the same skills that any good novelist would need:you need to be able to tell a good story.You need to know how to build a good plot.You will need to have the final chapter in your mind and write toward that end.Some say you need to capture the readers attention in the first 5 pages, but modern readers are even more flippant than readers of past decades. If you dont have their attention in the first 5 paragraphs, you may have lost them.What sets historical writing apart from novels with a modern environment is that the writer cannot rely on his or her common knowledge to describe sights, smells, tastes, or even the motives of their characters. Like any novelist, you need to understand people well enough to guess at their motives and logic. But unlike a modern novelis t, you have to divorce yourself from modern ideals of what is socially acceptable and entertain motives and logic that may not be acceptable in our time. When you write about polar explorers, for example, you will have to accept that they killed and ate their sled dogs and fed the scraps to their remaining dogs, without judging them for it, or painting your hero with modern sensibilities that are ahead of their times. After all, it is the faults of heroes and heroines, and it is your ability to make the reader sympathize, despite them, that makes memorable characters for your story.I cannot leave this point without sounding a word of caution, however, that there are social paradigms you may wish to overlook in order to make your characters more palatable, while remaining honest with the historicity of the character. If Thomas Jefferson is a character you want your readers to sympathize with, for example, you may not want to over-emphasize the fact that he owned hundreds of slaves, u nless it is relevant to your plot. I say this because you have to be honest with that truth if you address it. You cannot then have him telling his slaves to have a glass of lemonade while he finishes their duties.This leads me to another important point. It requires more skill for you to avoid things that you dont know about or are unimportant to the development of your story than it does to flaunt your knowledge of the time period. Again, if your readers wanted a history lesson, they would have picked up a textbook and not a novel. They want to escape into another time and, for a moment, get lost in the person of that period that you have created for them.There is a trust that a reader gives the author when they pick up the book to read; a trust that you know the period about which you are writing. They have not picked up the book to judge that knowledge, but if you betray that trust through poor research, they can be most unforgiving. If you use terms that were not in use in the time, or refer to technology that did not exist at the time, a knowledgeable reader will likely be through with you.One may presume that candles were in use in the time of King David, because translations refer to candlesticks but readers well versed in the time will know that it means lamp-stand and that candles had not been invented yet.One would assume that the builders of Machu Picchu used carts to move their stones, but they had not yet discovered the wheel.One would assume the climate of England in the 1600s if they did not take into consideration the little ice age. In other words, you are traveling into another world and can take nothing for granted.Historical novelist, Elizabeth Crook, has written on her website about her creative process. She advises that you be willing to do many revisions and Dump the Ballast or cut out those interesting factoids that dont support your plot. She also warns against succumbing to the temptation to write in first person. When readers here s omeone speak on and on, describing themselves and their actions in minute detail, it makes the narrator sound self-absorbed and less likable.When it comes to research, the foundation of your Machu Picchu, Elizabeth Crook notes, writing historical fiction is like trying to get to San Marcos when you have no car, you dont know where the road is, and you have never in your life harnessed a half-lame mule to a flatbed wagon. Assume it is going to be a while before you arrive.By now you are probably thinking, I thought this article was going to encourage me to get writing. If so, here is the good news:You dont need a university education to write historical fiction. You just have to love research. Digging into past times and cultures can be very exciting. If you dont think so, stick to writing in modern settings. In fact, getting caught up in overdoing the research is often the greatest problem with those who write in this genre (I know I am guilty).Doing the research has never been easi er. You can travel to your location for inspiration; use the Internet, local libraries and museums; or even pick up the phone and call an expert in the culture or time with an intelligent list of questions to get them talking.More good news: your storyline is already there in history. This is a huge part of the novelists creative process that has already been done for you by Father Time. All you have to do is look at the history, create a timeline for your story, and use your creativity to fill in the gaps.In summary, your readers trust you enough to step into your time machine and have you as their tour guide.  You need to know your world â€" how it smells, looks, feels, tastes â€" better than they do without touting it. But dont let the research bog you down. Write. You may include facts that may later prove irrelevant to your story. You may skip over relevant technology until you can research it more. That is what revision is for.Eventually, you have to stop using research as an excuse and get writing. Use Machu Picchu as your guide: 60% foundation and 40% city; 60% research and 40% you.

Wednesday, July 1, 2020

A Story About Childs Missing - Free Essay Example

My child is missing, is something no parents wants to say, but in the cases of Asha Degree, Erica Parsons, and Zahra Baker it was believed to be the parents of the children. All of these little girls have had a past of domestic violence in their past. Asha Degree went missing on February 14, 2000. She was 9 years old at the time She was last seen at 2:30 that morning by her parents, but was spotted walking down highway 18 in Shelby, NC only 90 minutes after being seen by her parents. Her parents reported her missing at 6:30 that morning. A year after her disappearance Ashas backpack was found buried 20 miles from her home. In 2016 police got a tip that she was picked up in a green early 1970s thunderbird that someone said they say someone in the description of Asha getting into around the time of her disappearance. In some articles I read there was child abuse history in others it doesnt say anything about it. Erica Parsons went missing in 2011, but wasnt reported until two years after by her brother. Erica was found in 2016 with the help of her father and all that was left was her skeletal remains. Erica had a history of being abused by her adopted parents from 2000 and 2011, she was 11 when she was said to have went missing. Later in the case they found that Ericas body was discarded in Pageland SC on family property. Both foster parents remain in prison for thee murder of her. As results come back after an autopsy come back showing years of abuse and malnourishment Zarah Baker, a young disabled girl who lived with her dad and step mom in Hickory, NC. She was reported missing on October 9th, 2010. This case reached worldwide as Zarah Baker was originally born in Australia. It wa October 10th when police said that the search dogs detected the scent of human remains in the vehicle of both of the parents vehicles, on October 12, 2010 police call that her case is now a homicidal case. On October 24, the stepmom of Zarah tell police that Zarah is dead and scattered over various counties. A day later she shows investigators sites of where her remains were dumped although there werent any remains found until November 30th of that year. Zarahs stepmother was sentenced to 15-18 years of prison September 15th a year later. In two of these cases it is proven that domestic abuse has been used in the case and even in Zarahs case there were social workers involved only 4 months before her murder, could this have been prevented? Possibly, but the social worker assigned to Zarah Baker dismissed after 4 visits with her and the parents. Domestic violence against spouses and children is something that never ends. Social workers work with the whole family, the victim, the perpetrator, and any children involved to make the family understand that it doesnt have to be this way. Social workers need to keep up with domestic violence and abuse laws. In the year 2012 in New York City two out of three murder cases were consisted of domestic violence and were women. That means that 68% of the murder cases were women and that of the year before that it was 54% of cases were women in domestic violence situations. Ways to help prevent Domestic violence is to bring it more to light to start discussing it, letting women and children know that they can get help with getting out of their situation. The social problem addressed in this article is that of domestic abuse, either it being children or adult women, what needs to happen is that people need to start being able to see the signs, let children know what to do and how to get help for their mom if they are in need of help. There should be posters out for help with domestic violence. Domestic violence is a worldwide problem, so it would be considered a macro problem. But it can also be considered a micro problem. Why? Domestic violence is a macro problem because it is going on in all places of the world. It is something that needs to be addressed and it is micro because it is in just the family that is involved. A program that should be in place is to have a social worker do evaluations on every couple planning to get married or move in together. There should be more posters about domestic violence at places like womens bathroom in places like Walmart where people are constantly at. There should then be secret homes where women can be directed to. I say that because a lot of men can find the shelters and they can be murdered or even beaten and harassed. Then the women can relocate after a week in one place and not have to worry about being found and killed. After a social worker does the evaluations of couples they should do three to five home visits to ensure everything is going smoothly and that the women or even very rarely the men arent becoming victims.After the visits from social workers the couple should be given a magnet for the fridge for easy access to the contact help if help is needed.

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

What Experts Are Not Saying About Wine Essay Topics and How It Affects You

What Experts Are Not Saying About Wine Essay Topics and How It Affects You Moving forward think of the obvious similarities and differences. Let's assume you've produced some great demonstration speech ideas with food but don't know which to pick. Use these hints to receive it right! Start with the essential description at first. The Meaning of Wine Essay Topics Next, you are going to take a journey to a place named Johannesburg. If you're interested in preparing an essay about addiction to strong drinks or another theme, use our service which can help you finish your assignment. In the world today it's relevant you will rely on family. You've come to the proper location! Wine Essay Topics Fundamentals Explained The majority of this short article is devoted to listing history topics that are best for essays, but first, it's important to get a very simple process for using a list of potential essay topics similar to this. Sometimes, obtaining a list of topics can be just what you will need to finally choose the ideal explanatory essay topic and get writing! Keep away from outdated sources and internet Encyclopedia like Wikipedia. Each paragraph should concentrate on discussing a single matter. The important reason many writers fail is they don't go further. You should also give a guideline for your primary argument, referred to as the thesis statement. Purchase your paper now and find a complimentary plagiarism check with the thorough report for proving the credibility of the text. You are able to easily debate the topic and it'll make it simpler that you persuade the opinion of others. Once you may debate on the subject, you aim to change other's opinions or simply persuasion is going to be achieved. The main reason is these topics are not that broad or narrow. When picking an essay topic, learn more concerning the target audience beforehand. Everything you must know about Re-Corking. When you choose a topic you enjoy and are acquainted with, you're able to give something aside from the basic ideas and knowledge. Brainstorm suggestions and make notes. The Supreme Strategy to Wine Essay Topics Added benefits of red wine might incorporate a reduce chance of cancer and a reduce potential for heart disease. The selection of topic is the most crucial and foremost step to finish. Whenever someone leaves you for any reason you're going to miss her or him with many affects. Thus, it's the ideal choice to purchase from the stores immediately. You could list the advantages and disadvantages of contemporary technologies and offer examples of the several opportunities that advanced technology can offer. You have to get what things to write about so you may understand how to channel your researching focus and also continue being relevant to the wants and expectations of your audience. Stepping beyond the range of our person al familiarity and biases is difficult but necessary to assess the notability of wineries and relevant businesses objectively. At the exact same time, detecting cause and effect relationships isn't that easy in regards to the selection of a fantastic cause and effect essay topic. The introduction is the opening paragraph which should incorporate a hook that has the capability to catch the audience's interest. Just like with any instructive job, it may get helpful whenever your audience is motivated to learn. Whenever your audience knows the reason for learning a new job, they desire to learn. While learning a new endeavor, a few of your audience will fear that it's difficult. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Wine Essay Topics There are several persuasive essay topics to select from to finish your high school or college assignment. While in the previous teachers used to get enough authority above their students, it appears that now students are the individuals who are in c harge. For instance, it can distract students. You are able to mention how successful students may get easily frustrated if they don't have the opportunity to use their whole potential at school. With a powerful processor and among the latest Android operating systems, performance won't ever be a problem. Any form of images you prefer make sure that your audience can see them without difficulty. The most suitable topic can help you by giving a huge number of points which are also relevant. There are two forms of support and they're real and models. The One Thing to Do for Wine Essay Topics Wine corks arrive in a plethora of shapes and sizes. Is bigger better in regards to wine bottles explained Wine can be a portion of your healthy way of life and diet. Wine is many things to a lot of men and women. Learn About Wine lets you discover information on a myriad of wine topics. There are numerous health benefits that may be derived from wine. The wine business is heavily regulated. An opportunity to explore a couple of many contentious topics in the area of wine. The Global wine market.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

What Is Eurasia

The continent has always been a method of dividing the planet into regions. It is obvious that Africa, Australia, and Antarctica are, for the most part, separate and distinct continents. The continents that come into question are North and South America and Europe and Asia.   Nearly all of Eurasia sits upon the Eurasian Plate, one of several large plates that cover our planet. The map below shows the worlds plates and it is clear that there is no geologic boundary between Europe and Asia—they are combined as Eurasia. Part of eastern Russia lies on the North American Plate, India lies on the Indian Plate, and the Arabian Peninsula lies on the Arabian Plate. Plate tectonics. World map with major an minor plates. PeterHermesFurian  / Getty Images Plus Physical Geography of Eurasia The Ural Mountains have long been the unofficial dividing line between Europe and Asia. This 1500-mile-long chain is hardly a barrier geologically or geographically. The highest peak of the Ural Mountains is 6,217 feet (1,895 meters), far shorter than the peaks of the Alps in Europe or the Caucasus Mountains in southern Russia. The Urals have served as a marker between Europe and Asia for generations but it is not a natural division between land masses. Additionally, the Ural Mountains do not extend very far south at all, they stop well short of the Caspian Sea and throw the Caucasus region into question as to whether they are European or Asian countries. The Ural Mountains are simply not a good dividing line between Europe and Asia. Essentially what history has done is to choose a minor mountain range as the dividing line between two major world regions of Europe and Asia on the continent of Eurasia. pop_jop / Getty Images Eurasia stretches from the Atlantic Ocean with bordering countries of Portugal and Spain in the west (and perhaps Ireland, Iceland, and Great Britain as well) to Russias easternmost point, at the Bering Strait between the Arctic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Eurasias northern frontier consists of Russia, Finland, and Norway bordering the Arctic Ocean in the north. The  southern boundaries are the Mediterranean Sea, Africa, and the Indian Ocean. Southern border countries of Eurasia include Spain, Israel, Yemen, India, and continental Malaysia. Eurasia also commonly includes island countries associated with the Eurasian continent such as Sicily, Crete, Cyprus, Sri Lanka, Japan, Philippines, island Malaysia, and perhaps even Indonesia. (There is considerable confusion as to the division of the island of New Guinea between Asian Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, often considered part of Oceania.) Number of Countries As of 2012, there were 93 independent countries in Eurasia. This includes all 48 countries of Europe (including the island countries of Cyprus, Iceland, Ireland, and the United Kingdom), 17 countries of the Middle East, 27 countries of Asia (including Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan, Philippines, and Taiwan), and one new country now often associated with Oceania—East Timor. Thus, nearly half of the worlds 196 independent countries are in Eurasia. Population of Eurasia As of 2012, the population of Eurasia was nearly five billion, about 71% of the planets population. This includes about 4.2 billion people in Asia and 740 million people in Europe, as those subregions of Eurasia are commonly understood. The remainder of the worlds population lives in Africa, North and South America, and Oceania. Capitals To define the capital cities of Eurasia is challenging when the continent is divided up into 93 independent countries. However, some capital cities are simply much more powerful and well-placed among the capitals of the world than others. Therefore, there are four cities that stand out as capital cities in Eurasia: Beijing, Moscow, London, and Brussels. Beijing is the capital of Eurasias most populous country, China. China is rapidly increasing its prominence and power on the world stage. China holds vast power over Asia and the Pacific Rim. Moscow is old Europes easternmost powerful capital and remains the capital city of Eurasias and the worlds largest country in area. Russia remains a powerful country politically, despite its falling population. Moscow maintains significant influence over the 14 former non-Russian republics that were part of the Soviet Union but are now independent countries. The modern history of the United Kingdom is not to be underestimated—the United Kingdom (like Russia and China) sits on the United Nations Security Council and the Commonwealth of Nations is still a viable entity. Finally, Brussels is the capital of the European Union, a supranational agglomeration of 28 member states that holds considerable power throughout Eurasia. Ultimately, if one is going to insist on dividing the planet into continents, Eurasia should be considered a single continent rather than Asia and Europe being viewed as distinct.

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Managing Quality in Health and Social Care Free Essay Example, 3500 words

al. , 2009; Schweppenstedde Persad & et. al. , 2009). 2.2 The Role of External Agencies in Setting Standards of Health and Social Care Several countries around the world, uses external approaches with the aim of improving the quality of healthcare and social care services. In this regard, it is also witnessed that several countries have used external agencies for the review of healthcare and social care related services. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Quality in Health and Social Care or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Friday, May 15, 2020

Anglo-Saxon Culture - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1446 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Beowulf Essay Did you like this example? Â  In the longest epic poem of Old English, Beowulf, there are many symbols, allusions, and traditions weaved through out the historical piece. Anglo-Saxon tradition in Beowulf accurately illustrates and is effected by the traditions of Anglo-Saxon culture. By comparing and contrasting Anglo-Saxon values to the text of Beowulf, we are able to analyze how Beowulf was composed and influenced by the culture. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Anglo-Saxon Culture" essay for you Create order We therefore, are able to dissect where the values or ideas of Anglo-Saxon culture may have been exaggerated or were even altogether false. By surveying the overall plot, we can have a birds eye view of what inspired this epic poem and how it was relevant to the time, as well as if it can still be relevant in the twenty-first century; furthermore, this will depend on the values reflected in the text of Beowulf. Anglo-Saxons were people in the 5th century who inhabited Great Britain. Their social structure consisted of Kings or, sometimes called, Lords. And then below them were their warriors called thanes or retainers. An Anglo-Saxon king would have to earn the respect of his thanes through heroic wins in battles. Although thanes freely followed a king without contract, there was a since of pride belonging to a King, especially a noble one. A thanes sense of identity came from belonging to a tribe. Therefore, it was a thanes worst fear to exiled from his tribe. After a battle, an Anglo-Saxon king would be expected to share the riches earned in tribal warfare, rather than store them up for himself. The king was expected to be very generous and giving, and the same went for the kings wife. Fighting was a large part of Anglo-Saxon culture. It was a way to earn honor in their tribe. Furthermore, revenge was an opportunity to earn a respected place in your tribe. If there was an opportunity to avenge the death of a family member, and you choose not to, you would be going against their social etiquette. Therefore, there were endless blood-feuds in Anglo-Saxon society, and they were mostly an excuse to go to war and be triumphant, earning you respect in the tribe. However, that wasnt the only way to end a blood-feud, there are two more ways. The first being to pay a price, or wergild which means man price. The second was to arrange a marriage. Women in Anglo-Saxon culture carried this idea of peace, often being called peace makers because they could end feuds. While this may be true, for Germanic tribes fighting was much more honorable than paying a price for peace or marrying another tribes daughter. Therefore, peace through blood-shed was the popular choice. Sometimes Anglo-Saxons would temporarily gather their tribes to fight a larger battle or Viking invanders. Oral tradition was a big part of Anglo-Saxon culture, as they hadnt developed a written language. It wasnt until Pope Gregory the Great sent St. Augustine in 597 to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. It was because of the Christian missionaries that writing and the Latin alphabet was brought to the Anglo-Saxon Tribes. In 627 King of Northumbria, Edwin, converted to Christianity and started to write laws. Alexander the Great, who was a patron of literature, helped works be translated into old English. Such as Beowulf. However, before Pope Gregory sent missionaries, the Anglo-Saxons had no written language. This means that stories werent read in books, they were told by word of mouth. For centuries stories like Beowulf were passed down orally. From generation to generation the stories details may have changed, but the overall plot and its symbols remain. From oral tradition birthed poetry. Poets and harpists recited and sung as entertainment in the mead halls. Anglo-Saxon poetry wasnt like todays typical rhyme and meter writing, it focused more on accent and alliteration. The Anglo-Saxons language and style is called old English. Literature has to treat it as a language in spite of it being composed of different dialects. Our syntax of words and sentences come from Anglo-Saxons, as well as how we tend to shorten words and simplify grammar. Our days of the week are named after Anglo-Saxon gods. For example, we get Wednesday from Woden, the war god and Friday from Frigga, the goddess of the home. Old English is not uniform like many languages are. Anglo-Saxons valued, as you might have concluded by now, honor. More specifically, being honored by their tribe. A lot of a Thanes self-worth was tied up in whether their king and tribe respected and honored them. Thanes earned this honor by winning in battle. Or even sacrificing themselves during battle. There were also ways you could be dishonored; for example, being the last to live in a battle where most of your tribe members died would be a disgrace. It would be seen that you didnt fight hard enough, to your death essentially. Beowulf is the oldest surviving long epic poem, consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines. Its popularly credited one of the most important works of old English literature. Its a story of the supernatural and of Anglo-Saxon history. The story takes place in Denmark and Sweden in the 6th century. The story is focused around Beowulf and his tribe The Geats. Although it is not known whether Beowulf was a real man, the Germanic history incorporated in the poem is accurate. Beowulf was a story passed down through oral tradition; therefore, it has lost its original interpretation. Much of the information about the origin of Beowulf is from speculation. What we do know is that the only manuscript left is from circa 1000 AD. The author of Beowulf is also unknown, as most poets of the Anglo-Saxon time are. Despite the different interpretations, the general plot and symbols remain the same. The story goes like this. King Hrothgar of Denmark has had a successful reign and has built a mead hall called, Heorot. It was a place for the kings warriors to eat, drink, listen to stories, music, and be entertained. But the noise was too much for Grendel, a demon wo lived in the swamplands. Now every night Grendel would come terrorize and kill the warriors, despite the warriors efforts the fight back they never defeated Grendel and the terrorizing went on for years. Now a young Geatish warrior named Beowulf heard of King Hrothgars distress and sails across the sea with a small group of men, determined to come to the rescue, and defeat Grendel. Now Hrothgar did a great favor for Beowulfs Father Ecgtheow, therefore the king accepts Beowulfs offer to fight Grendel, and then they have a feast to celebrate. During the feast one of the Kings men taunts Beowulf and says he doesnt deserve his reputation and Beowulf defends himself by sharing some of his accomplishments. At last Grendel arrives and Beowulf defeats him with no weapons, proving he is stronger than the demon. When Grendel tries to escape, Beowulf tears Grendels arm off leaving him fatally wounded and Grendel dies. They hung Grendels arm in the mead hall like a trophy. The king was overjoyed by the triumph so he through Beowulf a party to celebrate his victory, but after everyone had gone to sleep Grendels mother arrived enraged by her sons death and kills one of Hrothgars most trusted soldiers, then slips away. Grendels mother lives in a swampy lake, where Beowulf dives into her underwater layer and kills her with a sword made for giants. After, Beowulf finds Grendels dead body and decapitates his head to bring to the mead hall. King Hrothgar and his Danes were once again overjoyed and celebrated their land being free from the demons. Throughout the story we see many Anglo-Saxon values like fighting for revenge. When Grendels mother killed one of the kings Danes, Beowulf killed her. We also see honor in the story where each time Beowulf is victorious, he is celebrated and therefore respected. These two values are the most important in Anglo-Saxon tradition. There are a few symbols throughout the story as well. Such as the negative aroma surrounding water. In the beginning Beowulf must travel through the treacherous sea, Grendel lives near a swamp. Grendels mother lives in a layer in a dark swamp. Swords are also symbolized in the story as useless. When Beowulf fights unarmed to prove he doesnt need them and is stronger than the demon, and again when Beowulf uses the sword to fight Grendels mom and her blood melts the sword. All in all, Anglo-Saxon tradition in Beowulf accurately illustrates and is effected by the traditions of Anglo-Saxon culture. Beowulf most accurately demonstrates the traditions and culture through the overall theme of honor through battle and respect of others.

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

The Impact Of Technology On Human Relationships - 1107 Words

Most people would agree that it is nearly impossible to avoid technology use in their daily routines. Technology is often described as an â€Å"electronic drug† by people such as Alex Lickerman M.D. and many others who notice and even engage in the epidemic that is affecting millions. Because the electronic world demands attention from the physical world, there are effects that are to be expected. The ever-present electronic word, that demands everyone’s attention, is playing a role in how life in the real world is lived; people now interact with one another and establish relationships differently as a result. As technology becomes more integrated into every minute of peoples’ days, it is changing the culture, specifically, the fundamental†¦show more content†¦With these revelations, more people are joining the debate that truly effects all. With other debates, there is a target audience, a specific set of people who will or at least should care. Unlike those topics that narrow their audience to a particular group, this debate matters to anyone with a wifi connection. It matters to those looking for a relationship and even those who are already in one. Anyone who depends on technology, experiences the effect it has on how life is done. One of the most drastic changes that technology allows for it the ability to edit oneself. Prior to the majority of people owning a cell phone, most conversations happened in a face-to-face setting. When talking to someone in real time, responses are required to be immediate, but talking online or through texting allows for a pause. But, a digital interaction unfolds differently. Slouching behind a device allows for ample delay. The extra time may be spent editing oneself words to create a persona or simply in avoidance. Regardless, people engaging in a face-to-face conversation expect an immediate response whereas a digital conversation allows for the pause that is almost expected. Sherry Turkle, author of â€Å"No Need to Call,† a brief essay Alone Together: Why We Expect More From Technology and Less From Each Other, reasons that a delay allows people to edit their words, making them look better than they would in a real-time conversation, thus creating an onlineShow MoreRe latedHigh Dependence On Social Media Technology1648 Words   |  7 Pageshigh dependence on social media technology in daily human interaction and sharing of information. This has shaped the social interactions and development of personal relationships of people more so teenagers. Individuals in the modern society use social media technology extensively, which has caused significant change in time people spend in alternative activities. That is, given a time constraint of 24 hours in a day, time spent in using social media technology is drawn from another activity likeRead MoreHow Technology Can Interfere With A Human s Health And Development1287 Words   |  6 Pagesis describing a mind being engaged in the internet. With the technology world advancing constantly, one thing is on society’s mind; â€Å"Am I up to date with my device?† Once they realize they may be out of touch of what’s going on, they start to spend their money on what they don’t need. There comes a point when technology gets extravagant and becomes a negative force when it impacts human development. A tremendous amount of technology can interfere with a human’s health and development. For exampleRead MoreThe Impact of Technology on Family Time1623 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: the impact of technology on family time Do you think technology has changed the way of communication? Is technology slowly taking over people live and affecting their personal relationship? Have we become addicted to the technology that surrounds us everyday and it has sucked us into it? Technology is a use of scientific knowledge for improving the way to do things. It has been playing an important role in our life. It is common today, many developed countries are using high technology to runRead MoreHow Do You Imagine Social Interaction Within 10 Years, Taking Into Consideration the Impact of Technology on Human Relations?909 Words   |  4 Pagesimproved different kinds of technologies that have had a crucial influence on social interaction and human communications. Lets make a quick overview to remember some key points of our history regarding social interactions and technology. 2. A very long time ago before written word existed there were cave paintings storytelling. Society is on the cusp of a social revolution, we are at a point in history where new social realities are being created by technology and those realities mean forRead MoreHuman Resource Management Influence Organizational Outcomes1314 Words   |  6 PagesHow does Human Resource Management influence Organizational Outcomes? A Meta-Analytic investigation of Mediating Based on the Best-Practice model, a meta-analysis was conducted in order to examine the impacts of the three dimensions of Human Resource Systems which includes enhancement of skill, motivation and opportunity on both proximal and distal outcomes of an organization. The results indicate that skill-enhancing practices were more positively related to human capital and less positively relatedRead MoreHow Do You Imagine Social Interaction Within 10 Years, Taking Into Consideration the Impact of Technology on Human Relations?896 Words   |  4 Pagesimproved different kinds of technologies that have had a crucial influence on social interaction and human communications. Lets make a quick overview to remember some key points of our history regarding social interactions and technology. 2. A very long time ago before written word existed there were cave paintings storytelling. Society is on the cusp of a social revolution, we are at a point in history where new social realities are being created by technology and those realities mean forRead MoreTechnology Is The Work Place Environment1447 Words   |  6 Pages Another situation that technology is affecting is the work place environment. Many companies and jobs are using cutting-edge technology to help make work easier. More than 81% of employees work using their personal mobile devices and 33% of Americans use at least three devices for work (Miller-Merrell, â€Å"46% of Managers Believe Employees Misuse Social Media and Work Technology†). Using technology can make it easier to get ahold of someone faster and to draw more attention over the World WideRead MoreThe Human Shore, By Richard Gillis And Rachel Carson1569 Words   |  7 PagesHumans have always had a relationship with the ocean. Whether the relationship is good or bad, the ocean links humans together and surrounds them. The ocean is an important resource that people learn more and more about every day. Technology has had great impact on the ocean as well as how people perceive the ocean. Both Richard Gillis and Rachel Carson touch upon this age-old relationship between hu mans and the ocean and how technology aids or hurts this connection. Richard Gillis’ book, The HumanRead MoreModernization Impacts People’S Lives Everywhere. On One1744 Words   |  7 PagesModernization impacts people’s lives everywhere. On one hand, it brings wealth and improves the quality of lives; on the other hand, high quality lives pursue the efficiency which makes everything in a hurry. Capitalization is one of the consequences of modernization, which stimulates the social economic development. However, in Arlie Russell Hochschild’s essay â€Å"From the Frying Pan into the Fire†, she points out that capitalization brings busyness and fades humans’ relationships due to the busynessRead MoreNegative Effects Of Technology1022 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology affects every aspect of our lives. We as humans use it every day with little to no thought. Humans are becoming more reliant on the internet and other forms of technology to receive their information and communicate. However, the increase in the us e of technology has had a negative effect on humans’ health and development and communication. Technology changes the way we live our daily lives, the way we develop, and the way we communicate. Technology is a double edged sword. The internet

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Shakespeares Presentation of Power in the The Taming of...

Shakespeares Presentation of Power in the The Taming of the Shrew Power is defined as ‘the ability to act or control,’ and it is evident from the title that a ‘shrew’ is going to be tamed, i.e. it will be controlled. The shrew turns out to be a woman called ‘Katherina.’ I think he reason Shakespeare has a women as the shrew is to prove that controlling women didn’t get very far. It was a male dominated world. Whilst reading the play we come to learn that the shrew is a lady called Katherina, it is her rebellious and wild ways that get her this nickname. Katherina has more power than, I think, she realises. It is Katherina who is the eldest daughter of Baptista and so she has a significant amount†¦show more content†¦She has a sharp tongue and is not afraid to use it along with violence. She even goes as far as hitting a lute over the lute teacher’s head, in act 2 scene 1. However, after she marries Petruchio, all of this changes. The fact that Katherina is the eldest gives her a sense of authority and so when Petruchio arrives on the scene, in act 2, she finds it hard to get used to his domineering behaviour. Also whilst he is trying to woo her he tries to use his male dominance to frighten her by telling her he will â€Å"cuff† her but when she doesn’t seem afraid he tries again to sweet talk in his own arrogant kind of way. Petruchio makes known his power as a master in act 4 when he both physically and verbally abuses his servants. He calls them insulting names like â€Å"whoreson† and tells them they are â€Å"flap-ear’d† if they don’t do what he says as quickly as he wants it done. During his speech at the end of act 4 scene 1, Petruchio comes across as a very egotistical man who will assert his maleness to get what he wants. He enjoys having power over everything he possibly can, including his new bride. By the end of act 4 scene 1 he has already developed a master plan in which he likes Katherina to be a wild hawk. He says that he will use the same method to tame her. He will starve and â€Å"watch† her and make sure she responds to â€Å"her keepers call.† The new bride,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Taming of the Shrew677 Words   |  3 PagesA principal theme throughout Shakespeares Taming of the Shrew is the battle of the sexes. The battle primarily focuses on the relationship between Petruchio and Katherine, otherwise known as Kate. They each struggle for supremacy in a classic confrontation between male and female until Kate succumbs to Petruchios dominance for the first time during Act IV, Scene V when she states What you will have it named, even that it is. And so it shall be so for Katherine. In this first act of deferenceRead MoreEssay on William Shakespeares Authenticity3166 Words   |  13 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Authenticity Over the past several centuries, many scholars have been debating the authenticity of Shakespeare and his works. Many books have even been published questioning if the legendary playwright from Stratford is the author of his many plays and poems. This theory still remains as a possibility today and much of the evidence stems from Shakespeare’s great literary achievements, his humble beginnings, his inadequate education and the missing chapters in his lifeRead MoreEssay on Biography of William Shakespeare2736 Words   |  11 Pageshis fathers shop so that he could be taught everything his father knew and soon take over the business. But instead he was the apprentice to a butcher because of the trouble in his fathers financial situation. Just what happened to alter John Shakespeares financial and social position after the mid 1570s is not clear. Shakespeare was still allowed a lot of free time when he was young. This was suggested by historians that his plays show more ideas of hunting and hawking than do those of other playRead Morewisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 PagesChesterton, Niebuhr, and Auden 27 Conclusion 34 Copyright  © 2011 by Walter G. Moss WISDOM, HUMOR, AND FAITH: A HISTORICAL VIEW â€Å"And frame your mind to mirth and merriment, / Which bars a thousand harms and lengthens life.† Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew, Induction, Scene 2. â€Å"Laughter without a tinge of philosophy is but a sneeze of humor. Genuine humor is replete with wisdom.† Mark Twain, quoted in Opie Percival Read, Mark Twain and I (1940), 17. â€Å"Humor offers both a form of wisdom and

Ethics Paper - 1177 Words

Ethics Paper Week 1 Assignment Rheana Willis 01/08/2012 Dilemma Choice 2: A married couple, both addicted to drugs, are unable to care for their infant daughter. She is taken from them by court order and placed in a foster home. The years pass. She comes to regard her foster parents as her real parents. They love her as they would their own daughter. When the child is 9 years old, the natural parents, rehabilitated from drugs, begin court action to regain custody. The case is decided in their favor. The child is returned to them, against her will. Does ethics support the law in this case? Discuss. Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of†¦show more content†¦Hence, normative ethics is sometimes said to be prescriptive, rather than descriptive. Using this method of choice to solve this dilemma would mean that both the foster parents and the rehabilitated parents would have to come up with an agreement in which the child is seeing both her real parents and her foster parents until she is comfortable to move in with her real parents permanently. That would mean that both parents would have to set aside their differences for the sake of the child and work on having unity together. Applied ethics is, in the words of Brenda Almond, co-founder of the Society for Applied Philosophy, the philosophical examination, from a moral standpoint, of particular issues in private and public life that are matters of moral judgment. It is thus a term used to describe attempts to use philosophical methods to identify the morally correct course of action in various fields of human life. Applied ethics is distinguished from normative ethics, which concerns what people should believe to be right and wrong, and from meta-ethics, which concerns the nature of moral statements. Morally in this situation when using applied ethics, you solve the dilemma by act-utilitarianism. If raising their child on their own without involving the foster parents produces greater benefit than disbenefit, then, according to act-utilitarianism, it would be morally acceptable to do so, even if the child has been raised by them the first nine years of her life.Show MoreRelatedKardell Paper Company Ethics Case1457 Words   |  6 PagesBackground The Kardell paper mill was established at the turn of the century on the Cherokee River in southeastern Ontario by the Kardell family. By 1985, the Kardell Paper Co. had outgrown its original mill and had encompassed several facilities in different locations, generating total revenues of $1.7 billion per year. The original mill continued to function and was the firm’s largest profit center. The Kardell family no longer owned shares in the firm, which had become a publicly traded companyRead MoreEthic Paper843 Words   |  4 PagesEthics Paper Ethics Paper Financial Management is one important part of health care financial planning. Many financial decisions are made on a day to day basis from all the accounting records and all the business transactions which occur. Some are the decisions made according to the organizations fiscal objectives although some are made on generallyRead MoreEthics Paper681 Words   |  3 PagesEthics Barbara Avery Ethics/316 April 11, 2012 Monica McMorise EthicsWrite a 350- to 700-word essay comparing the similarities and differences between virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics. 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It is a moral code that determines values, morals, standards of behavior, principles, and ideas (â€Å"Ethic,† 2012). After careful review of the results achieved from the Ethics Awareness Inventory and Ethical Choices, decisions were made that helped to determine my ethical perspective. I will explain theRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper1087 Words   |  5 PagesEthics Reflection Paper Ethics and social responsibility are key factors when planning one’s personal life or planning for the success of a business. When companies develop strategic plans, they must consider what role ethics will play and how social responsibility will affect the plan keeping stakeholders need at the forefront. 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Arms Race Free Essays

The great war of 1914 was one of the bloodiest conflicts modern man has yet experienced. Its consequences reached far from the battlefield and into the towns, homes and families of the soldiers. There are many arguable points one could debate regarding the origins of WW1 but much guilt resides on the part of the arms race. We will write a custom essay sample on Arms Race or any similar topic only for you Order Now An arms race can best be described as one country adding a portion to Its military then a neighboring country doing the same because It is nervous. The two countries continuously keep adding to their military might to keep up with one nother. Edward Cray, Britain’s foreign secretary from 1906-1916 offered a good examplel . If one country builds a rail way to the border of a neighboring country, then that country will feel threatened and subsequently will build a railroad of its own to the border. Anticipating an attack, the first country will begin to mobilize its army and perhaps build weapons. The second country now feels incredibly threatened and mobilizes its own army calling in all the reserve troops possible. Gray assessed that the only way to stop an arms race is war. An arms race does not simply start on its own. There is indubitably some event that triggers the arming of a country. In WWI, that can be attributed to the treaties between European countries2. When Austria and Serbia get into a dispute, Austria Issues an ultimatum with ten conditions. Serbia agrees to all but one and starts looking around for backup In case of attack. Serbia forms an alliance with Russia because Russia hates Austria. When Austria finds out they call their friend Germany for an alliance. Russia subsequently calls France knowing that France is looking for an easy shot to get back at Germany Tor tne Franco-Prusslan war Trom akes them pay dearly n w cn Germany aeTeats France ana for the loss3. On the day of the ultimatum, Austria declares war on Serbia, Russia declares war on Austria, Germany declares war on Russia, and France declares war on Germany. French and German Military development France had bounced back fairly quickly after the Franco-Prussian war and paid off their debts ahead of time. They were quickly becoming an industrialized nation with many assets. Their progress made both Germany and Britain wary because they both wanted to be the most powerful country and were insecure about any sort of threat. Around 1912 when things were beginning to heat up in Europe Russia, Germany and France began to ramp up their military forces4. Germany Added 120,000 men to its army in anticipation of trouble. With Germany beginning to arm, France passes a compulsory service law that required all men ages 20-40 to serve in the military for a set amount of time. For twenty years, Frances army had been growing faster that Germanys. This changed drastically though when Germany decided to start pouring majority of their resources into their military. Germany, although not one hundred percent responsible for the war, certainly did not back away from it. They participated in arms races such as these and instigated others such as the naval arms race. When war came about, Germany was more than ready for it because to their years of preparation due to the arms race. English and German Army development Around this same time Germany was trying to cause an issue between France and Britain over the country of Morocc05. Germany was trying to cause issues over the independence of Morocco mainly because they themselves had personal commercial interests in the area and they wanted to insight strife between the two fore mentioned countries. An international conference was called and Germany did not get its way. This critically weekend the already strained relations between Britain and Germany and France and Germany. After Germany failed to get what it wanted, it stopped relying so much on diplomacy and more and more on brute military power. As a result of this, Britain formed an elite group of men numbering 150,000 in size that was ready to cross the English Channel at a moment’s notice to invade Germany6. Germany knew this and was made nervous by it prompting them to mobilize even more. Russian and German arms Development When Russia saw this, they became concerned and added 500,000 to their own army and launched the â€Å"Great Military Program† that would add 10 percent to its army each following year. Russia had the most available man power but it was also the least industrialized of the major powers which would prove to be a very serious setback. Germany had not been really bothered by France and Russia arming themselves until they formed the Franco Russian Alliance in 18947. If war were to break out, Germany would be fghting on two fronts instead of only one which could spread their resources to the limit. Because Russia’s army was 300,000 men bigger tnan Germanys In IYUU, Germany Increased ne growtn 0T Its army even more In anticipation of having to fght a raging battle on two fronts. Russia’s army was considered a steam roller and was believe to be able to Just â€Å"roll† over any obstacle in its path with no trouble at a118. By this point, Germany, Russia, England, and France all had the new intentions of war such as the maxim gun, airplanes, and gas. They also had the factories to produce them. Some had better infrastructure already in place but they all had the capability. Germanys advantage ver both Russia and France was its incredible train system that would allow it to mobilize much quicker. The land arms race in general It is quite impressive to look at the spending of European countrys on their defense system in the years leading up to World War 1. Looking at the data, it seems quite obvious that we were on the brink of war. As far as defense spending goes, Germany was the most dramatic influx in spending per capita. While most countries populations are increasing at the about average rate while Russia more than doubles in size. As fore mentioned they were a formidable amount of man ower yet not yet quite industrialized enough to use these men to their full potential. Britain and German Naval Race In the years preceding WWI, Britain had been making an effort to expand their navy. Due to their status as an island nation, it was imperative that they maintain a powerful naw to protect their interests. Also, in the days of empires, Britain had to maintain a powerful maritime force to protect their interest across the world. In 1889 Britain passed a series of laws known as the â€Å"Two Power Standard†10. This policy states that Britain must maintain a fleet at least as big as the fleets of two other ountries combined. When this policy originally passed, they were looking at Russia and France. Whenever these two nations built new ships, Britain would build an equal or greater numDer In order to stay at or aoove tne same level 0T prestige. Britain encountered some trouble when The United States of America, soon to become the most powerful, prestigious, and desirable country in the world, started building an elite naval fghting force. At this same time, Japan and Germany were both developing their maritime forcesl 1 . Originally, Germany wanted to threaten Britain into Joining he triple alliance by building their naw but this had the opposite effect. Winston Churchill pointed out that Germany did not really need a naval force and it was more of a â€Å"luxury’ while Britain’s was a necessity. Sir Edward Gray stated that Britain’s naw is to them what Germanys army is to Germany. They also argued that Germany was only producing a naw to threaten Britain’s commercial trade interests and their imperial colonies. However, Britain is not the kind of country to sit around aimlessly while they feel threatened. They responded by building a new type of ship powered by a turbine engine called the Dreadnaughtl 2. This new fghting wonder was supposedly capable of sinking an entire fleet of it’s less powerful and agile predecessor the common battle ship. Germanys strategy was not to build a naw so significant that it could beat Britain’s in an all-out display of might but one Just big enough to keep Britain’s naw busy. By continuing to build ships with no intent of outbuilding Britain, they kept Britain nervous and spending a lot of money they did not necessarily have to. After England introduced the dreadnought, Germany was not far behind. Although they did not want to out build Britain, they could not afford o be outnumbered by ships of such a superior caliber. As it stood in 1914, Britain had 23 dreadnaughts, 10 battle cruisers, 30 pre-dreadnoughts, 47 cruisers, 61 light cruisers, 225 destroyers and 70 submarines13. This was the biggest naw in the world. Germany was in second place with 13 dreadnaughts, 6 battle cruisers, 30 pre- dreadnoughts, 14 cruisers, 35 light cruisers, 152 destroyers, and 30 submarines. We can attribute the fact that Germany is most renowned in this wasr for the use of submarines due to their sinking of high profile targets like the Lusitania. Also, Britain’s submarines would not have had the great opportunity at sinking ships German submarines did because there were not as many German trade ships floating around. Looking at these numbers, we can tell that Germany had precisely built the amount of ships they needed to keep the Englanders occupied and nervous. This was a very good plan on Germanys part because every dollar Britain was pouring into their naw was a dollar that would not go towards their land force. Germanys army was far bigger than England’s and they wanted it to stay that way. In 1912, Britain ctually tried to reach a settlement with Germany regarding the future of the arms race but it proved unsuccessful when Germany rejected it14. Britain did not want to keep pouring as much money as they were into their naw or military at all. As a result of Germanys refusal, Britain recalled all their ships across the world back to home waters to be ready for an attack. The other Naval Powers France ta s tnlra place wltn 14 areaanaugnts, no Dattle crulsers, 15 pre- dreadnaughts, 19 cruisers, 6 light cruisers, 81 destroyers, and no submarines. America came in behind France in fourth place. We had 10 dreadnaughts, 1 battle cruiser, 7 pre-dreadnaughts, 8 cruisers, Slight cruisers, 106 destroyers, and 39 submarines. We ruined Britain’s 2:1 policy in 1916 when Woodrow Wilson passed a law that required our naw to be at least as big as Britain’s. Russia also had a mid- sized naw although it was iced in to their cold and inhospitable harbor at St. Petersburg. They possessed 4 dreadnaughts, 1 battle cruiser, 7 pre-dreadnaughts, 8 cruisers, 5 light cruisers, 106 destroyers, and 36 submarines15. Japan was also a cause of worry for both Germany and Britain at first hen they emerged from their mystical land with a not inconsequential navy. They possessed 4 dreadnaughts, 2 battle cruisers, 2 pre-dreadnaughts, 9 cruisers, 1 5 light cruisers, 56 destroyers, and 15 submarines. All these naws had been escalating dramatically over the years leading up to World War 1 even though most of the fghting was to be on land. This was because if one country could have a big enough naw to hold a blockade across a main importing port of the enemy to cut off their supplies. In conclusion, I think we can definitively say that Sir Edward Gray was correct when e stated that the only means to end an arms race is through war. Once things begin to escalate, there is only a small disturbance that is necessary to catapult the countries involved into all-out war as seen in The Great war. Once an army is mobilized and hostile with another country, the only thing necessary to get the ball rolling is a degrading remark from a high up official or perhaps a trigger happy soldier. All this could be avoided if the countries had not been trying to compete against each other in the development of arms, armies, and navies. How to cite Arms Race, Papers

Climate Risk Assessment and Adaptation Planning †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Climate Risk Assessment and Adaptation Planning. Answer: Introduction: This paper entails the strategies employed to accomplish the risk adaptation and risk assessment organization for the Melbourne Town, Australia. The risk management outline is provided in accordance with the AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009. Additionally, the study presents an evaluation framework for risk assessment. The evaluation framework is based on the Risk management structure of Melbourne city(Office, 2005). The town encourages a risk management methodology that is flexible. At such, it approves the framework modification to enable it fit in the context of decision-making. The project consultants in conjunction with the Climate Change Working Group and Risk Management worked to develop an evaluation framework to evaluate the risk of climate to the town. Primarily, the resultant context is based on the current risk organization of Melbourne city, whereas the modification validation, where constructed, are shown. Risk management refers to the method of analysing and defining risks to ease resultant decision to be made pertaining the necessary strategies with an aim of reducing risks(Health and Safety Executive, 2015). The framework for Risk Assessment used in this plan is the one endorsed by the Australian Regime. The Department of Climate Change of Australia, formerly referred to as The Australian Greenhouse Office (AGO) s publication, provides methodology to carry out climate change risk assessment and adaptation planning based on the Paris Climate Agreement. On this framework, as shown in the table below, there are five key phases: Setting the context Risks identification Risk analysis Risk evaluation Risk treatment Phases in Assessment of Risks Based on Paris Framework Stage Details Setting the Context Describing the scope of assessment and the defining of the organization or the business to be assessed. Clarification of the business objectives. Identifying stakeholders and their concerns and objectives Establishing the criteria for success Development of the key element Establishing pertinent assessment scenarios for climate change Risks Identification Describing and highlighting how climate change affect organizational key elements. Risk Analysis Evaluation of the government controls, reactions, and management in each risk situation. Evaluation of each risk effects against the objectives and success measures of the organization. Form an informed judgement concerning the likeliness of each highlighted consequence. Determining the risk level to Determine the organizational level of risks for each scenarios of the climate change applied in the analysis. Stage (Phase) Details Risk Evaluation Reestablishment of the judgements and other estimates. Highlighting risks based on their severity level. Highlighting inconsequential risks that can be put aside and which may make the management to lose focus. Screening out risks which require a more detailed evaluation. Identification of necessary options to adapt or manage the risks and their impacts. Risk Choose an option which is best and selection of the ideal options for future plans. The predominantly duty of risk assessment framework is to facilitate a defendable and systematic approach to risk management and adaptation. These approach is centered on the treatment of organizational risk(Aalst, 2004). The link between organization risk and climate change is depicted in the following figure: The climate change effects on an organization can be noted and treated through working by the consequences chains. It is significant to understand that the outcome is a tactical assessment of risk and adaptation plan, which is undersigned to give treatment recommendations that are spatially(Aalst, 2004). The stages of the framework for risk assessment are shown below: These part of the risk management determines the scope and the boundaries of the assessment, the framework of evaluation, and identifies the engagement strategy of the shareholders. The main activities achieved within this part comprises the following: The scope of assessment The Assessment Objectives Definition of likelihood scales Identification of the main elements Selection of relevant scenarios for climate change to be assessed Comprehensive identification of stakeholders The terminologies pertaining to risk assessment have also been identified to enhance an understanding of the language applied in this plan(Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, 2017). This step output directs the other subsequent stages of this risk management plan. These guidelines are done through evaluation framework. Terminology Definitions Success Criteria The objectives and goals of a business Consequence Scales Describes the level of consequence to an organization of a climate change risk, should it occur Likelihood The chances of an event occurring Risk Priority The priority level associated with each combination of an impact And its likelihood The project focusses on topographical extent to the town of Melbourne. The project assessment assessed the dangers of climate change as a result of major climate variables change. The examination was a tactical assessment of climate risk to Melbourne city. A two-step methodology was recommended by (Office, 2005)to allow attempts to focus towards important issues. The first evaluation referred to as first pass quickly identifies and reviews risks, then plans for the treatment, then administers the treatment to the risk. The second stage, verifies if there is need for additional information to ascertain if the treatment is necessary and the type of treatment to be applied, as shown in the figure below The CCAWG took into consideration the series of climate change situations and the existing evaluation aim was to help in selecting A1FI 50th Percentile (2070) and A1B 50 th Percentile (2030). A1FI 50th Percentile (2070) Scenario was selected as the most suitable practice by local governments(Korsak, 2016). Other local governments that have applied A1FI 2070 include; EMRC, Murchison and WESROC. Establishment of evaluation framework for risk assessment application involves: Definition of the organization objectives; Establishment of measures of success against which the objectives of the organizations can be assessed. Definition of possibility measures. To achieve a transparent and consistent approach to risk evaluation, matrix evaluation is needed for every element. The elements of framework used in the present assessment adhere to the Melbourne Citys risk management structure (2011) and are illustrated in Figure above. The vision of Melbourne city is to provide responsive environmental friendly services to its people. The city, strives to improve and preserve its lifestyle and environment at the present and in the future(Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, 2017). The core values of Melbourne city are: respect, diversity, integrity, accountability and community participation. Measures of success are basically an outline of the long-term objectives of an organization (Office, 2005). Melbourne city success criteria are as follows; To attain strategic performance goals. Guarantee good public governance and administration. Sustainability and enhancement of natural environment Protection to existing community The four success standards were summarized under climate change risk evaluation into six broad success criteria; Service provision Property Financial (Costs and revenue) Environment People (Health safety) Community Lifestyle Social Value The success criteria were later modified. The changes include: Legislation was summarized under service provision of service Property damage was viewed as an important aspect of climate change and stood under the lone category. Environment and Financial continued to be consistent across all frameworks. People capture both broader community and the council staff. There was an addition of Community lifestyle and Social Value elements that had not been capture in the initial framework. Risk Management in Melbourne City follows a flexible standard, where there is modification of likelihood and consequence evaluation scales(Aalst, 2004). This is important because it ensures the changes are appropriate in relation to the assessment framework. This flexible measures makes sure that the parties involved can use suitable scales. Risk is usually demonstrated in terms of: Occurrence of an event; and Possibility of the consequence. A five-point scale in Table 3 is used to measure the likelihood consequence. Melbourne City Likelihood scale Level Description certain There is chances of happening regularly or its occurrence is certain. A clear opportunity already apparent, which can easily be achieved Likely Occurrence is noticeable or is likely to occur. An opportunity that has been explored and may be achievable Possible May occur or happens occasionally. Potential identified opportunity Unlikely Is not likely to happen or happens frequently. Opportunity that is not likely to happen. Rare Only occurs in exceptional situations. Opportunity that is very unlikely to happen. Key elements are responsible for providing a framework that helps in the identification of risk through splitting issues into various areas of emphasis and connect them to climate situations (AGO 2007). Key elements in this assessment were areas that were regarded to be risky. These include: Built environment Natural environment Emergency Management Recreation Community Business operations in the town were allocated key element actions. The process of assessing risk and adaptation plans were conducted with categorical emphasis on outcome integration with the current processes and systems in the City(Health and Safety Executive, 2015). The city comprises of 20 personal business operations all working under five Directorates as shown in the figure below: Directorates and business operations in Melbourne City LList Details 1 Chief Executve Officer Executive service b. Support from the government and support. 2. Designing and Development Regeneration of the urban and financial development. b. Planning of the city c. Approval d. Compliance and health 3. Infrastructure setting a. Engineering planning b. Engineering Processes c. and Reserves and Reserves d. Fleet and waste management e. Operations for building the city 4. Corporate a. Financial b. Corporate information and data services c. Management of Assets d. Human capital 5. Community Programs a. Library service. b. Marketing and communication services. c. Leisure and recreational Services d. Community programs e. Security of the community Furthermore, there was consideration of a spatial prioritization of risks. The city conducted a preliminary review of the spatial information that was available to update the risk assessment that was carried out during the Framework phase. The process entailed the distribution of the gathered information to all the members of CCWAG for population and deliberations with staff. With extensive deliberations with staff and Project Manager in all business operations, it was noted that there was existence of limited spatial information that was compatible to the spatial information system of the city(Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, 2017). Therefore, it was important to integrate this information with the future risk evaluation since that kind of information will be a useful resource, although this task was far beyond the existing assessment scope. A different method was used and hotspots risks were discovered during the risk evaluation attracting the participants to study th e area. The discovered hotspots will influence the adaptive measures implementation. By utilizing the spatial information system of the city, hotspots will be combined into useful spatial sections in relation to the decision framework. CCAWG was initiated to run the activities of risk assessment and adaptation planning. The CCAWG representatives are staff from Business Sections with experience or play a role in responding and managing climate risks The stakeholders objectives were to affirm the risk assessment outputs, and enhance awareness and ownership. During a full-day workshop with members of CCAWG there was implementation of stage (ii) to (iv) of the risk assessment. The members of CCAWG were split into two groups, the first group covered risks relating to the built environment and emergency management; the second group handled risks associated with natural environment, community and recreation. Both groups completed the following: Risk identification Risk analysis Risk evaluation Risk Treatment Risks Identification Risk identification entails reviewing effects of climate change and risks associated to the city. CCAWG, conducted the initial risks identification and drafted the outcomes using an Internal Discussion Paper that was prepared by Melbourne City. The gathered information was summarized into two sections, the first one was, impact and adaptation summary sheets and the second was the draft risk and adaptation register. These tools were implemented during the risk assessment practicum to establish the possible climate change risks that may accrue to the operations of local government This stage entails the establishment the repercussions of the occurrence of risk and the probability that the repercussions will occur(Young, 2016). Workshop members applied the evaluation matrixes described during the Set the Framework stage to examine the risks. Detailed discussions were conducted to allocate a consequence and possibility rating for every risk. Consequence was established through the assessment of effects of anticipated climate change on success measures or the objectives of the organization Council. The consequence scale Table 5 was used by the participants in the to allocate a range of consequence to every risk that was identified(Aalst, 2004). The consequence scales the initially established was based on was Risk Management Framework of the Citys, which was revised to summarize operational and strategic risks. The probability of the occurrence of consequence was established in relation to the understanding of the occurrence history and related effects along with the management plans put in place to control the risk (Table 7). A five-point scale that ranged from Almost Certain to Rare in Table 3 was used to ascertain likelihood(Young, 2016). In order to establish the current controls, the workshop participants examined the Summary Sheets and took into consideration a range of basic management measures such as: Management structures and systems Reporting Delegations Periodic reviews or audit plans Insurance Policies Training Procedures Contract conditions Design specifications Testing/Supervision Quality assurance/Monitoring Segregation of duties Rating the Control Effectiveness of Melbourne City Risk Prioritization To determine the level of risk prioritization for every climate change risk, identified, the evaluation of likelihood and consequence has been shown in Risk Matrix above. The risk prioritization outputs offer guidance on the relevance of treating the risk identified, and an entire method to treat the risk(Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, 2017). The outline shown below the management actions and acceptability for each risk. Generally, instant treatment need to be conducted on extreme and high priority risks. Whereas, moderate and low priority risks can be set aside and be treated later. Management Responses and Action to levels of Risk/ Opportunity Risk Level Acceptability Management Action if the opportunity should be followed LOW Tolerated with the Risk is tolerable. Controlled proven, routine procedures/ current controls processes and be aware of changes to the type of risks Consideration should be put in place, opportunity to be pursued VERY LOW Tolerated with the Not likely to require resources allocation current controls Risks Evaluation After the prioritization of risk, the assigned risk levels were evaluated to enhance consistency. Basically the evaluation of risks phase entails the combination of likelihood and consequence reviewing to re-assess estimates and judgements to enhance consistency throughout the analysis. The ultimate output was the rating of the prioritized risks for the identified risks. According to the results of evaluation and analysis, there was need for risk treatment to the identified risk, leading to the last step which is Risk Treatment, Risk Framework. Adaptation planning was embraced amid the risk appraisal workshop. This enhanced a conclusion to-end assessment of risks. The computerized Risk Management Template adopted by the Melbourne City encouraged this procedure(Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, 2017). Members were given directions to finish the adaptation planning, and thought starter adaptation choices were introduced in the Summary Sheets. Following the activities of adaptation measures to every risk, members re-assessed the risk need for 2030 and 2070, showing how much the alternatives treated the observed risk. While it is perceived that treatments will change after some time, adaptation planning and risk proceeds, the re-appraisal of risk at both time spans featured the potential requirement for extra measures in the more drawn out term(Young, 2016). Members in Workshop Group 2 discovered rating residual risk hard, given the intrinsic vulnerability in the adequacy of various versatile steps in treating the risk and the vulnerability in the expected level of progress. By and large, the hazard was marginally diminished or kept up, given that the activities would be executed in the short-term to control what might be a long lasting risk. Whereas residual risk valuable when considering the adequacy of activities to treat impending risk, it shows the utility of this task is decreased while reviewing the viability of prompt activities on future risks(Korsak, 2016). The certainty of viability must be expanded through observing and assessing activities to inform future versatile planning. This should remain the core interest. In the course of, the Set the Context meeting, the CCAWG viewed evaluative criteria as used in adaptation planning as shown in Table 9 and time spans for execution allocate adaptive activities as illustrated in Table 10. The criteria were allocated estimations of 1, 3 and 5 to upgrade separation amongst low and high boundaries to adaptive activity. The outcome was Clim ate Change Risk and Adaptation Register, containing the required rating of all risk and adaptation activities to treat high and outrageous priority risks. The register determined the role of execution and foreseen implementation timeframes. A meeting was conducted at the completion of the climate change risk assessment and adaptation-planning workshop to investigate the methods that could be integrated in the operational processes of the City. The selected mainstream, outcome integration ensured that the measures for adapting climate changes are formulated in the Citys current management processes(Korsak, 2016). This help in the reduction of effort duplication and ensured a coordinated methodology to climate risk management around the city. Participants were required to examine how the identified actions could be integrated into the business unit current operations and future planning frameworks. Discussion was conducted to identify departmental connections that could be useful in risk selection. The debate was based on the following question: What actions/task are required to take place in order to facilitate the execution of this risk management? What are the possible barriers in the integration process? How can those shortcomings be dealt with? The results were a preliminary approaches list for integration, which was then analysed and developed as an element of the adaptation approach. References Aalst, M. v., 2004. Mainstreaming Climate Risk Management into Development Planning, Utrecht: Utrecht University. Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, 2017. Climate Services and Safety Nets. [Online] Available at: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/flagships/climate-services-and-safety-nets [Accessed 29 8 2017]. Health and Safety Executive, 2015. Risk assessment, s.l.: s.n. Korsak, D. W., 2016. Planning for Enhanced Climate Risks: Aperspective from Military, Columbia: Columbia Law School. Office, A. G., 2005. Australias Fourth National Communication on Climate Change, Melbourne: Australian Greenhouse Office. Young, A. F., 2016. Adaptation actions for integrated climate risk management into urban planning: a new framework from urban typologies to build resilience capacity in Santos (SP). Open Access, 3(12), pp. 1-14.